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Honors Biology Final Exam Questions and Answers Rated A+ What is the term for the protein complex that helps in the correct alignment of chromosomes during mitosis? Kinetochore What is the name of the process by which cells convert chemical energy from nutrients into ATP, specifically ...

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  • September 8, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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Honors Biology Final Exam Questions
and Answers Rated A+

What is the term for the protein complex that helps in the correct alignment of chromosomes

during mitosis?


✔✔ Kinetochore




What is the name of the process by which cells convert chemical energy from nutrients into

ATP, specifically in the absence of oxygen?


✔✔ Anaerobic Respiration




What is the term for the specialized structures in a cell that contain digestive enzymes to break

down macromolecules?


✔✔ Lysosomes




What is the name of the mechanism that ensures genetic diversity through the exchange of

genetic material between homologous chromosomes?


✔✔ Crossing Over




1

,What is the term for the regulatory sequences in DNA that help control the timing and amount of

gene expression?


✔✔ Enhancers




What is the name of the small, RNA-based structure that helps in the regulation of gene

expression by inhibiting mRNA translation?


✔✔ Small Interfering RNA (siRNA)




What is the term for the part of the cell cycle during which the cell grows and synthesizes

proteins before DNA replication?


✔✔ G1 Phase




What is the name of the enzyme that builds new DNA strands by adding nucleotides to a pre-

existing chain?


✔✔ DNA Polymerase




What is the term for the process by which cells package and transport proteins and lipids using

vesicles?


✔✔ Vesicular Transport


2

,What is the name of the condition where there is an abnormal number of chromosomes in a cell,

often resulting from errors in meiosis?


✔✔ Aneuploidy




What is the name of the enzyme responsible for synthesizing RNA during transcription?


✔✔ RNA Polymerase




What is the term for the sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that codes for a specific amino

acid?


✔✔ Codon




What is the name of the structure in the cell that functions as the site of protein synthesis,

translating mRNA into a polypeptide chain?


✔✔ Ribosome




What is the term for the reversible changes to DNA or histones that regulate gene expression

without altering the DNA sequence?


✔✔ Epigenetic Modifications

3

, What is the name of the process where cells respond to external signals by modifying their gene

expression?


✔✔ Signal Transduction




What is the term for the gradual process of species evolving to adapt to their environment over

time?


✔✔ Natural Selection




What is the name of the cell cycle checkpoint that ensures all chromosomes are properly attached

to the spindle fibers before proceeding to anaphase?


✔✔ Metaphase Checkpoint




What is the term for the cellular process that involves the breakdown of fatty acids to generate

energy?


✔✔ Beta-Oxidation




What is the name of the molecule that transfers amino acids to the ribosome for protein

synthesis?


4

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