SCOFF questionnaire -answer Basic yet reliable set of five questions that help assess
whether an eating disorder exists.
Do you make yourself Sick because you feel uncomfortably full?
Do you worry that you have lost Control over how much you eat?
Have you recently lost more than One stone (14 lbs) in a 3-month period?
Do you believe yourself to be Fat when others say you are too thin?
Would you say that Food dominates your life?
Scientific Method - answer The process of formulating explanations about the natural
world and testing those explanations with experiments and data.
1. Identify a Problem
2. Formulate a hypothesis
3. Design a study to test the hypothesis
4. Collect data
5. Discard or change the hypothesis OR continue testing
,Evidence-Based Practice - answer A three-pronged approach to working with clients,
which consists of making decisions based on the weight of the scientific evidence, field
observations, and individual client needs and preferences.
Prediction - answer An expected outcome generated from a hypothesis
Theory answer - A hypothesis or set of hypotheses for which a large body of high-
quality evidence has been accumulated.
Hierarchy of Evidence - answer 1. Systematic Reviews
2. Randomized Controlled Trials
3. Observational Research
4. Peer Reviews
5. Non-Peer-Reviewed Media, including anecdotes
Anecdote - answer an account of a person's experience or event
Uncontrolled Variable - A variable in an experiment that a scientist makes no effort to
manipulate or account for.
,Primary Research - answer Original research where scientists perform experiments and
collect data - this is in contrast to secondary research where scientists analyze data that
has already been collected or published elsewhere.
Observational Research - answer Research in which a researcher observes ongoing
behaviors to determine correlation.
Correlation - answer A relationship between two or more variables.
Randomized Control Trial (RCT) - answer A type of scientific study/trial where
participants are randomly assigned into different groups - one or more will be the
intervention to be tested and one will be the control group. Groups are randomized and
a control is used in an attempt to reduce potential bias in the trial.
Independent Variable - The variable scientists manipulate in an experiment.
External Validity - The ability to generalize the results of a study.
Systematic Review - A review where scientists systematically gather all research on a
topic and evaluate it based on predefined criteria and rules.
Meta-Analysis - A statistical analysis of a group of studies to assess the overall weight
of the evidence.
, Empirical - Based on observation or experience.
Test-Retest Reliability - The ability to get similar results when something is measured
under the same conditions.
Reliability - The consistency of a measure.
Validity - The assessment of whether a tool is measuring what it is supposed to
measure.
Selection Bias - A sample of people under study is not representative of the larger
population that scientists are looking to make inferences about.
Retrospective - Describes a study that looks backward in time.
Recall Bias - The inability to accurately remember past behaviors.
Health - A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the
absence of disease or infirmity.
Homeostasis - The tendency toward a relatively stable equilibrium between
interdependent elements, especially as maintained by physiological processes.
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