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PBH 354 Exam #1 With Questions And 100% ALL CORRECT ANSWERS
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JACKLINEPBH 354 Exam #1 With Questions And 100% ALL CORRECT ANSWERS
Terms in this set (148)
the study of the distribution and determinants of health related states or events in specified
epidemiology
populations, and the application of this study to the prevention and control of health problems
etiology cause of the disease
-human disease does not occur at random (does NOT spread randomly)
common assumptions of epidemiology -human disease has causal and preventive factors that can be identified through systematic
investigation of different population or subgroups of individuals within a population in different
places or at different times
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, frequency of existence or occurrence
-quantification of existence or occurrence of disease or outcome event
distribution
-answers who? when? where?
components of epidemiology
-person(s), place, time
determinants: factors or events that are capable of bringing about a change in health
-test hypotheses
-modifiable and unmodifiable
designates illness
morbidity
-sick
mortality refers to deaths that occur in a population or other group
-identify the etiology or cause of the disease and the relevant risk factors
-determine the extent of disease found in the community
-study the natural history and prognosis of disease
objectives of epidemiology -evaluate both existing and newly developed preventive and therapeutic measures and modes of
health care delivery
-provide a foundation for developing public policy relating to environmental problems, genetic
issues, and other considerations regarding disease prevention and health promotion
-microbiology
-virology
-clinical medicine/pathology
six components of epidemiology
-social and behavior sciences, demography
-toxicology
-biostatistics
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, epidemiology
-emphasis on populations rather than individuals
-define health problems
-distributions of diseases
-study associations
-assess causation
-prevention
epidemiology vs. clinical medicine
clinical medicine
-referring to individuals
-diagnosis
-treatment
-caring
-curing
-suspicion concerning the possible influence of a particular factor on the occurrence of disease
-formulate a hypothesis
-test the hypothesis of the association
-evaluate the validity of association
progression of epidemiologic reasoning -judge whether the association is one of cause-effect
null hypothesis = no relationship (phrased in negative)
-reject null in favor of an alternative hypothesis
-small outbreaks usually have a small sample size
example of a natural community-intervention trials for fluoride in drinking water
Fluoride Supplementation (1940s)
- fluoride in water prevents cavities
Framingham Heart Study (1948) prospective study of the causes related to cardiovascular disease
the largest formal human experiment involving almost one million people
Salk Vaccine Field Trial (1954)
-eradication of polio
Surgeon General Report: Department of Health, Education, and Welfare
Smoking and Health (1964)
-tobacco -> lung cancer
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