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ECOR1044 – Mechatronics Exam Study Guide Questions with Correct Verified Answers
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ECOR1044 – Mechatronics ExamStudy Guide Questions with
Correct Verified Answers
Process Variable - ANSWER the system parameter that needs to be controlled, such
as temperature (ºC), pressure (psi), flow rate (ltr/min)
Sensor - ANSWER used to measure the process variable and provide feedback to
the control system
Error E - ANSWER the difference between the PV and the SP. It is used by the
control system to determine the action to get desired output
Rise Time - ANSWER the amount of time the system takes to go from 10% to 90%
of the steady-state or final value
Percent Overshoot - ANSWER the amount that the process variable overshoots the
final value, expressed as a percentage of the final value.
Settling time - ANSWER the time required for the process variable to settle to within
a certain percentage (commonly 5%) of the final value
, Steady-State Error - ANSWER the final difference between the process variable and
set point
PID Controller - ANSWER A PID controller continuously calculates an error value e(t)
as the difference between a desired set point (SP) and a measured process variable
(PV) and applies a correction based on Proportional,Integral, and Derivative terms
(hence the name PID)
- u(t)
- e(t)
- Kp
- Ki
- Kd - ANSWER - Control signal sent to the system
- Error Value (SP-PV)
- Proportional constant that accounts for the present error value.
- Integral constant that accounts for historical error values.
- Derivative constant that accounts for future error values.
Proportional Controller - ANSWER Measures data in real time to make REAL time
adjustments
Derivative Controller - ANSWER The washing machine knows it's water capacity,
therefore it limits it's water dispense during the cycle. STAYING WITHIN UR LIMITS
Intergral - ANSWER Remembers past loads, to calibrate for the new (present) cycles.
Under Dampled - ANSWER ID is tuned to prevent oscillation but leads to an overshoot
of the PV followed by decaying oscillation to finally settle at the Set point.
Critically Damped - ANSWER An ideal situation where overshoot does not occur, and
the process responds to changes in a controlled, non oscillatory manner.
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