HDFS Exam: Questions With Solutions (Verified)
Cohabitation Right Ans - refers to living together in a sexual relationship
without being married
Marital Trends Right Ans - Marriage rates have declined in recent years,
more adults staying single (reason: higher cohabitation rates/lower 2nd
marriage rates); Avg. 27 years old for men, 26 women (highest in history);
85% Americans expected to get married, most by age 45; Adolescent
marriages more likely to get divorced, lower rates between 23-27; Avg.
marriage length is 9 years; People who say their marriages were "very happy"
decreased in 1970's-90's but is now increasing; men report being happier in
marriage than women
Demographic correlates of divorce Right Ans - Rose from 2% of population
in 1950 to 10% in 2002; Highest divorce rates around 5-10 years of marriage;
Higher in youthful marriages, low educational level, ow income, not having a
religious affiliation, having parents who are divorced, and having a baby
before marriage are factors
Gottman's advice about making marriage work Right Ans - Establishing
love maps, Nurturing fondness and admiration, turning toward each other
instead of away, letting your partner influence you, solving solvable conflicts,
overcoming gridlock, creating shared meaning, having realistic expectations,
develop new positive relationships within the family.
The 6 common pathways in exiting divorce Right Ans - The Enhancers, The
Good-Enoughs, The Seekers, The Libertines, The Competent Loners, The
Defeated
The Enhancers: Right Ans - 20% of divorcees, mostly females who become
more confident and self fulfilled after divorce
The Good-Enoughs Right Ans - largest group; average people coping with
divorce, some strenghs/some weaknesses; many attend night class, new
friends, active social lives, get higher paying jobs, not as good at planning/less
persistent than "enhancers". These women usually mar educationally and
economically similar men to their first husbands
, The Seekers Right Ans - Motivated to find new mates ASAP. At 1yr. after
divorce 40% men and 38 women classified as seekers; But people find new
partners, remarry, or remain single--over time this group becomes
increasingly only men
The Libertines Right Ans - Spent more time in single bars and having casual
sex, but after 1 year post divorce, they wanted a stable relationship
The Competent Loners: Right Ans - 10% of divorcees, "well adjusted, self-
sufficient, and socially skilled", successful career, active social life, wide range
of interests, but have little interest in sharing their lives with anyone else.
The Defeated: Right Ans - Had increasing problems after divorce
Research of menopausal women? Right Ans - Average age of last period is
51; Hasn't been earlier onset menopause similar to earlier periods
starting/No correlation; Perimenopause= transitional period from normal to
no periods, could by 10yrs; Heredity and experience influence onset,
influenced by multiple genes; Earlier for smokers, Later for exercisers, Less
intense for people who walk everyday; Hot flashes uncommon in Mayan
women/Asian women; 50% Americans don't have hot flashes; 2/3 relieved
periods stopped; Only 1% regret period stopping;
Hormonal changes in middle-aged men? Right Ans - Modest decline in
sexual hormone levels; Testosterone decreases 1%/decreased sperm count
per year during middle adulthood; erectile dysfunction is common; 22% of
men over 40 can't hold an erection; 75% of ED men stem from physiological
problems: smoking, diabetes, hypertension, cholesterol levels.
Crystallized intelligence- Right Ans - Accumulated information and verbal
skills, which increase with in middle adulthood, according to Horn.
Fluid intelligence- Right Ans - The ability to reason abstractly, which begins
to decline from middle adulthood on, according to Horn.
Findings of Seattle Longitudinal Study Right Ans - Study of intellectual
abilities in adulthood; Tests vocabulary, verbal memory, numbers, spatial
orientation, inductive reasoning, perceptual speed. Highest of most abilities
occurs around middle adulthood (50yrs); Numbers and Perceptual speed