ATI Fundamentals IV, Fluid Imbalances,
Electrolytes | Questions and Correct
Answers
Molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration -
Ans Diffusion
Water moves from an area of lower concentration of particles to a higher concentration
(active osmotic gradient) - Ans Osmosis
Water and dissolved substances move to an area of greater hydrostatic pressure to an area of
lower hydrostatic pressure - Ans Filtration
What is a hypertonic solution? - Ans 3.0% NaCl
What is a hypotonic solution - Ans 0.45% NaCl
What is the isotonic solution? - Ans 0.9% NaCl
0.9% NaCl has the same _____ as plasma - Ans osmolarity
,0.9% NaCl is used to replace fluid volume in a ______ state - Ans Hypovolemic
Force of BP pushing out of the blood stream, very active at capillary level - Ans Hydrostatic
What are some gerontologic consideration we must consider? - Ans Coexisiting disease that
affect the fluid balance like cardiac, renal, resp fxn
How does the elderly having decreased body fluid percentage affect fluid balance? - Ans Very
susceptible to imbalances, have less fluid than young
How does the cardiac, renal, and respiratory functions of elderly affect fluid balance? - Ans
Impaired which affect the bodies ability to maintain homeostasis
How does medications of the elderly affect fluid balance? - Ans Polypharmacy is common and
potential for dangerous interactions and drug toxicity
Who needs to be closely monitored for fluid and electrolyte changes? - Ans Elderly
Important assessment when pt has fluid and electrolyte imbalances? - Ans I&O, daily
weights, side effects, interaction of meds
What are the causes of hypovolemia? - Ans Vomiting, diarrhea, GI suctioning, sweating
profusely, decreased intake
What are the risk factors for hypovolemia? - Ans DI, adrenal insufficiency, osmotic dieresis,
hemorrhage, coma, third spacing
What are the manifestations of hypovolemia? - Ans Can develop rapidly, acute weight loss,
decreased skin turgor, cool clammy skin, thirst, anorexia, nausea, increased temp,
flattened neck veins, oliguria, concentrated urine, weakness, cramps
, Why do you have cool, clammy skin with hypovolemia? - Ans Related to peripheral
vasoconstriction
What happens to blood pressure and pulse in hypovolemia - Ans Postural hypotension,
weak rapid heart, decreased central venous
What is the nursing diagnosis for hypovolemia? - Ans Deficient fluid volume, decreased cardiac
output, risk for hypovolemic shock, risk for injury
How should you assess gerontology with hypovolemia? - Ans Monitor closely especially
after surgery or fever because of diminished thirst mechanisms, skin turgor should be flatter
and tongue should have more longitudinal furrows, tongue is going to be small d/t fluid loss
What are risk factors of hypervolemia? - Ans Heart failure, renal failure, cirrhosis of the liver,
excessive consumption of sodium salts
What are the manifestations of hypervolemia? - Ans Edema, distended neck veins, crackles,
tachycardia, increased blood pressure, pulse pressure, and central venous pressure, increased
weight, SOB, wheezing
What is the nursing diagnosis for hypervolemia? - Ans Excess fluid volume, ineffective airway,
risk for impaired skin integrity, disturbed body image, risk for pulmonary edema or ascites
What is the medical management that we should use for hypervolemia? - Ans Fluids are d/c
if the administration of sodium in fluids is causing problems,
symptomatic treatments include diuretics, restriction of fluids and sodium
Electrolytes | Questions and Correct
Answers
Molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration -
Ans Diffusion
Water moves from an area of lower concentration of particles to a higher concentration
(active osmotic gradient) - Ans Osmosis
Water and dissolved substances move to an area of greater hydrostatic pressure to an area of
lower hydrostatic pressure - Ans Filtration
What is a hypertonic solution? - Ans 3.0% NaCl
What is a hypotonic solution - Ans 0.45% NaCl
What is the isotonic solution? - Ans 0.9% NaCl
0.9% NaCl has the same _____ as plasma - Ans osmolarity
,0.9% NaCl is used to replace fluid volume in a ______ state - Ans Hypovolemic
Force of BP pushing out of the blood stream, very active at capillary level - Ans Hydrostatic
What are some gerontologic consideration we must consider? - Ans Coexisiting disease that
affect the fluid balance like cardiac, renal, resp fxn
How does the elderly having decreased body fluid percentage affect fluid balance? - Ans Very
susceptible to imbalances, have less fluid than young
How does the cardiac, renal, and respiratory functions of elderly affect fluid balance? - Ans
Impaired which affect the bodies ability to maintain homeostasis
How does medications of the elderly affect fluid balance? - Ans Polypharmacy is common and
potential for dangerous interactions and drug toxicity
Who needs to be closely monitored for fluid and electrolyte changes? - Ans Elderly
Important assessment when pt has fluid and electrolyte imbalances? - Ans I&O, daily
weights, side effects, interaction of meds
What are the causes of hypovolemia? - Ans Vomiting, diarrhea, GI suctioning, sweating
profusely, decreased intake
What are the risk factors for hypovolemia? - Ans DI, adrenal insufficiency, osmotic dieresis,
hemorrhage, coma, third spacing
What are the manifestations of hypovolemia? - Ans Can develop rapidly, acute weight loss,
decreased skin turgor, cool clammy skin, thirst, anorexia, nausea, increased temp,
flattened neck veins, oliguria, concentrated urine, weakness, cramps
, Why do you have cool, clammy skin with hypovolemia? - Ans Related to peripheral
vasoconstriction
What happens to blood pressure and pulse in hypovolemia - Ans Postural hypotension,
weak rapid heart, decreased central venous
What is the nursing diagnosis for hypovolemia? - Ans Deficient fluid volume, decreased cardiac
output, risk for hypovolemic shock, risk for injury
How should you assess gerontology with hypovolemia? - Ans Monitor closely especially
after surgery or fever because of diminished thirst mechanisms, skin turgor should be flatter
and tongue should have more longitudinal furrows, tongue is going to be small d/t fluid loss
What are risk factors of hypervolemia? - Ans Heart failure, renal failure, cirrhosis of the liver,
excessive consumption of sodium salts
What are the manifestations of hypervolemia? - Ans Edema, distended neck veins, crackles,
tachycardia, increased blood pressure, pulse pressure, and central venous pressure, increased
weight, SOB, wheezing
What is the nursing diagnosis for hypervolemia? - Ans Excess fluid volume, ineffective airway,
risk for impaired skin integrity, disturbed body image, risk for pulmonary edema or ascites
What is the medical management that we should use for hypervolemia? - Ans Fluids are d/c
if the administration of sodium in fluids is causing problems,
symptomatic treatments include diuretics, restriction of fluids and sodium
