NUR 257 (NUR257) Exam 4 | Aging and
Chronic Illness in Nursing Exam Review|
Latest 2024/2025 Galen
age related macular degeneration - Correct Answer - degenerative eye
disease that affects the central part of the eye responsible for clear vision;
causes progressive loss of central vision, leaving only peripheral vision
intact
risk factors of age related macular degeneration
- Correct Answer -
age
genetic predisposition
smoking
HTN
HLD
obesity
family hx
Caucasian women
diet poor in vitamin E and carotenoids (lutein)
,detached retina - Correct Answer - group of diseases that can damage the
optic nerve; second leading cause of blindness in the US
symptoms of detached retina
- Correct Answer -
"curtain coming down" over the light of vision
gradual increase in floaters
light flashes
risk factors of detached retina
- Correct Answer -
age >40, myopia, previous cataract surgery, ocular trauma, smoking,
diabetic retinopathy, HIV retinopathy
chronic illnesses that can cause retinopathy
- Correct Answer -
diabetes
HTN
carotid atherosclerosis
sickle cell
,lupus
tinnitus - Correct Answer - the perception of sound in one or both ears or
in the head when non external sound is present; "ringing in ears", buzzing,
hissing, whistling, chirping, humming
interventions of tinnitus
- Correct Answer -
maintain a diary for times of noise heard
assess medication hx
lifestyle modifications
hearing aids
cochlear implants: bypass damaged portions of the ear and stimulate the
auditory nerve in those with sensorineural hearing loss
osteoporosis - Correct Answer - loss of bone mineral density
how to diagnose osteoporosis
- Correct Answer - DEXA scan: noninvasive test that measures bone
density
loss 3+ inches of height
, nontraumatic fractures
kyphosis
recommended that all women 65+ years and younger women with
significant risk factors be screened; medicare will pay for DEXA scan Q2
years
risk factors for osteoporosis
- Correct Answer - nonmodifiable: gender (female), race, age, family hx
modifiable: weight (underweight), diet (low calcium, excessive caffeine,
ethyl alcohol), hormonal deficiencies, low activity level, medications
(steroids, anticonvulsants, thyroid preparations), cigarette smoking,
phenytoin and corticosteroids (interfere with vitamin D metabolism)
increase weight bearing and muscle building exercises, improve nutrition in
diet, smoking cessation, fall precautions, home safety, appropriate way to
take meds and manage their effects - Correct Answer - patient teaching
for osteoporosis-related risk and injury
treatment of osteoporosis
- Correct Answer - bisphosphonates: inhibit bone resorption (alendronate)
PT, OT, weight bearing exercise, exposure to sunlight, diet rich in calcium
and vitamin D
