4. Carbonate bedrock, the upper surface of which is often fractured, weathers
and irrgular
Soil has two componets of strength - ANSWERS-Cohesion (clay only)
Friction (when individual soil grains move across on another)
Soil fail by - ANSWERS-shear
Soil strength is used to determine - ANSWERS-The bearing capacity of a
foundation
The stability of natural or man-made earth slopes or retaining walls
Test for soil strength include; - ANSWERS-unconfined compression test
direct shear test
Triaxial compression
Soil strength depends upon - ANSWERS-Density and moisture content
,Unconfined compression test - ANSWERS-useful for comparing strength of two
soils or varion of strength with dept
The strength of a soil, or the ability to compact a soil into a suitable construction
material will depend on? - ANSWERS-Soil type
Soil density
The amount of water in the soil
Types of soils - ANSWERS-Gravel (mm to cm's in size)
Sand (mm in size)
Silt (fine particles with little cohesion)
Clay (has cohesion, can stick together)
Organic soils (peat, topsoil)
Organic soils (O) - ANSWERS-Have a large componet of dead or decaying plants,
and are not used in construction
Silt and Clay - ANSWERS-Classified based on whether the soil is plastic or non-
plastic (eg. can you roll it into a ball)
Gravel and Sand - ANSWERS-are classified based on whether or not all the particle
are roughly the same size(uniform, like a beach) or if there is large variety in
particle size (well-graded)
, .
Gradation refers to the range of measured soil particle sizes. Gradation results in
classifying soil as? - ANSWERS-Gravel ( > 2 mm)
Sand (between 0.075 and 2 mm)
Silt (0.002 to 0.075 mm)
Clay (< 0.002 mm)
The particle size distribution of coarse-grained soils is typically determined by? -
ANSWERS-Mechanical sieve analysis
The particle size distribution of fine-grained soil is determined using a ? -
ANSWERS-hydrometer analysis
Two parameters help to identify soils that are well-graded? - ANSWERS-The
Coefficient of Uniformity (Cu)
The Coefficient of Curvature (Cc)
The hydrometer analysis is used to determine the gradation of - ANSWERS-slit
and clay-sized particles.
Only soil particles passing the No. 40 sieve(0.425) are used in the - ANSWERS-
hydrometer analysis
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