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NURS 3304 Exam 2 Study Guide With Complete Solution
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NURS 3304 Exam 2 Study Guide WithComplete Solution
Epidemiology of Asthma
-26 million Americans have asthma (8.5% of population)
-Most common chronic disease in children (7 million children & 30-70% will
improve markedly or be symptom free in adulthood)
-Accounts for: 10.6 million MD office visits/year, 2.1 million ED visits/year,
500,000 hospital admissions/year
Common asthma triggers
-Allergies: dust mites, animal dander, molds, pollen
-Irritants: tobacco, pollution, strong fumes
-Exercise (one of the most common triggers in adults)
-Medications: NSAIDs, Beta-blockers
-Infections: cold, sinusitis (common in kids)
-Exposure: cold, dry air
-Acid reflux (heart burn)
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Airway remodeling
Long term chronic changes to airways as a result of repeated asthma
exacerbation. Each time a patient has an asthma exacerbation it causes a
little irreversible damage!
Presentation of an asthmatic patient
-Wheezing
-Cough
-Chest tightness
-Shortness of breath
-Dyspnea
Objective measures for asthma patients
,Spirometry
-Measures how fast & how much air you breathe out (velocity & volume)
-Diagnostic
Peak flow meter
-Blow out hard and fast in a single blow
-For pts at home
-NOT used for diagnostic purposes
Classification of asthma
Intermittent
-Symptoms: ≤ 2 days/week
-Objective: FEV1 > 80%
-Interference with Activity: None
Mild Persistent
-Symptoms: > 2 days/week, but not daily
-Objective: FEV1 > 80%
-Interference with Activity: Minor limitation
Moderate Persistent
-Symptoms: Daily
-Objective: FEV1 60-80%
-Interference with Activity: Some limitation
, Severe Persistent
-Symptoms: Throughout the day
-Objective: FEV1 < 60%
-Interference with Activity: Extremely limited
FEV
Forced expiratory volume (# that comes out of spirometer)
Topical delivery
-Site specific: high concentration = where you want it, low concentration =
where you don't want it
-Results in less systemic exposure (fewer side effects)
-Some drugs are only effective via inhalation
Devices used for topical delivery
-Metered-dose inhaler
-Dry powder inhaler
-Jet nebulizer
-Ultrasonic nebulizer
-Spacer devices
Metered-dose inhaler (MDI)
-Drug in solution or suspension in a pressurized canister (must shake is
suspension)
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