100% satisfaction guarantee Immediately available after payment Both online and in PDF No strings attached
logo-home
Previously searched by you
Previously searched by you
logo
Summary BIOL 254 Anatomy and Physiology Exam 2 Study Guide $7.99
Add to cart
Quickly navigate to
Preview
  2.  
  3. Millersville University Of Pennsylvania
  4.  
  5. BIOL 254

Summary

Summary BIOL 254 Anatomy and Physiology Exam 2 Study Guide
 0 purchase

BIOL 254 Anatomy and Physiology Exam 4 Study Guide covering the cardiovascular system and lymphatic system.

Preview 2 out of 9  pages

Document information

  • September 8, 2024
  • 9
  • 2022/2023
  • Summary

Subjects

Written for

All documents for this subject (4)

Seller

avatar-seller
goldendream

Content preview

BIOL 254 Anatomy and Physiology
Exam 2 Study Guide

The Heart

Pulmonary + systemic circuits
● Heart is essentially 2 pumps
○ Pulmonary circuit → right side
○ Systemic circuit → left side

Heart wall layers
1. Pericardium → outermost
a. Superficial fibrous layer
b. Serious layers
i. Parietal layer
ii. Visceral layer (AKA Epicardium)
2. Myocardium
a. Cardiac skeleton → connective tissue (anchoring
point/supports/limits action potentials)
b. Spiral bundles of contractile cardiac muscle cells
3. Endocardium

Cardiac muscle
1. Striated/short/branched/fat/interconnected
2. 1 central nucleus (2 at most)
3. Many large mitochondria

4. Intercalated discs → connecting junctions between
cells (cardiomyocytes)
a. Desmosomes → connections between cells that
hold them together and prevent separation
b. Gap junctions → allow ions to pass between
cells; electrically couple
■ AP spreads, heart beats as one → allows
heart to be a functional syncytium

, Physiology of skeletal muscle vs. cardiac muscle
Similarities
● Muscle contraction preceded by depolarizing AP
● AP travels down T-tubules and causes SR to release Ca++
● Excitation-contraction coupling → Ca++ binds troponin and causes
actin/myosin filaments to slide

Differences
● Contractile cells → contraction
● Pacemaker cells → non-contractile cells that spontaneously depolarize
○ Initiate depolarization of entire heart
● All cardiomyocytes contract as a unit → functional syncytium
● Influx of Ca++ from extracellular fluid triggers release of Ca++ from SR
● Absolute refractory period longer in cardiac muscle cells




Syncytium of the heart and APs
● Atrial syncytium
● Ventricular syncytium
○ Separated by fibrous tissue

The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.

Quick and easy check-out

Quick and easy check-out

You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.

Focus on what matters

Focus on what matters

Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!

Frequently asked questions

What do I get when I buy this document?

You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.

Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?

Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.

Who am I buying these notes from?

Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller goldendream. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.

Will I be stuck with a subscription?

No, you only buy these notes for $7.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.

Can Stuvia be trusted?

4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

67418 documents were sold in the last 30 days

Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 15 years now

Start selling
$7.99
  • (0)
Add to cart
Added