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NUR 353 Exam 1: Reproductive Questions And Answers
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The process by which human beings produce a new individual. The total process by which organisms produce offspring. - ANS Reproduction These cells carry the genetic materials needed for conception and genetic material. - ANS Reproductive cells (Such as oocytes or spermatocytes) ...

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NUR 353 Exam 1: Reproductive Questions
And Answers
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The process by which human beings produce a new individual. The total process by which
organisms produce offspring. - ANS Reproduction

These cells carry the genetic materials needed for conception and genetic material. - ANS
Reproductive cells (Such as oocytes or spermatocytes)

The formation and development of germ cells, oocytes, and spermatocytes. - ANS
Gametogenesis

Gametogenesis occurs through _____. - ANS Meiosis

What are the two populations at greatest risk for problems with reproduction? - ANS
Impoverished, adolescents (Under 18), older adults (35+)

Formation of a viable zygote. - ANS Conception

A process that interferes with the normal process of ovulation, fertilization, and implantation. -
ANS Contraception

The union of a spermatozoal nucleus with an egg nucleus to form the primary nucleus of an
embryo - ANS Fertilization

Carrying of an embryo or fetus inside the uterus from conception until birth. - ANS
Gestation

Refers to the embryonic or fetal age plus two weeks (approximately the duration since the
woman's last menstrual period (LMP) began. - ANS Gestational age

List 3 causes of female infertility. - ANS 1. Uterine abnormalities
2. Hormonal problems
3. Infections

Describe of process of reproduction/fertilization. - ANS An oocyte is created through the
process of oogenesis. During ovulation, the ovum (mature oocyte) drops into the distal third of
the fallopian tube. During intercourse, the sperm travels through the vagina, past the cervix,
then into the uterus. The sperm swims around to find the ovum in the distal third of the fallopian

,tube. When the sperm finds the ovum, it fertilizes the egg. When the nucleus of the fertilized cell
splits, it forms a zygote (day 1). For a few days, the zygote keeps splitting until it gets to 16 cells,
then it is called a morula. It becomes at blastocyst at day 5 then implants into the endometrium.
This entire time the cell is traveling from the distal third of the fallopian tube to the fundus of the
uterus.

The main hormone involved with labor and delivery. It causes labor contractions, and prevents
hemorrhaging right after delivery. - ANS Oxytocin

From 6-8 days until 8 weeks gestation, a baby is called what? - ANS Embryo

From 9 weeks gestation on, a baby is called what? - ANS A fetus

How long is an egg viable for? - ANS 24 hours

These two hormones peak right before ovulation, to cause the ovum to be released into the
fallopian tube. - ANS FSH and LH

How long does it take for the fertilized egg to travel from the ampulla of the fallopian tube to the
uterus to implant? - ANS Up to 7 days, it varies.

A fertilized egg - ANS Zygote

The process of the blastocyst implanting in the uterus releases which hormone, commonly used
for pregnancy tests? - ANS HCG

The period from fertilization (Day 0) to 2 weeks is called what? - ANS Pre-embryonic period

Which period is most critical in the development of the organ systems and main features of a
fetus? - ANS Embryonic period (Week 2-8)

What are the three layers of the blastocyst? - ANS 1. Ectoderm
2. Mesoderm
3. Endoderm

In the fetal period, the fetus grows how much per day? - ANS 1.5%

The term for the uterine lining during pregnancy (endometrium), which forms the maternal part
of the placenta. - ANS Decidua

# of times a woman has been pregnant (including current pregnancy) - ANS Gravida

# of times a woman has given birth, longer than 20 weeks gestation - ANS Parity

,A woman who has had 2 or more pregnancies - ANS Multigravida

A woman who has had no pregnancies - ANS Nulligravida

A woman who is pregnant for the first time - ANS Primigravida

A woman who has completed two or more pregnancies to 20 weeks of gestation or more - ANS
Multipara

A woman who has not completed a pregnancy with a fetus or fetuses beyond 20 weeks of
gestation - ANS Nullipara

A pregnancy that has reached 20 weeks of gestation but ends before completion of 37 weeks of
gestation - ANS Preterm

A woman who has completed one pregnancy with a fetus or fetuses who have reached 20
weeks of gestation - ANS Primipara

A pregnancy from the beginning of week 38 of gestation to the end of week 42 of gestation -
ANS Term

The capacity to live outside the uterus; there are no clear limits of gestational age or weight.
Infants born at 22 to 25 weeks of gestation are considered to be on the threshold of this and are
especially vulnerable to brain injury if they survive. - ANS Viability

An organ of respiration, nutrition, excretion, storage, and transportation. - ANS Placenta

Menstruation begins approximately __ days after ovulation. - ANS 14

A bluish discoloration of the cervix, vagina, and labia resulting from increased blood flow. It can
be observed as early as 6 to 8 weeks after conception, and its presence is an early sign of
pregnancy. - ANS Chadwick's sign

A non-sensitive indication of pregnancy in women — its absence does not exclude pregnancy. It
pertains to the features of the cervix and the uterine isthmus. It is demonstrated as a softening
in the consistency of the uterus, and the uterus and cervix seem to be two separate regions. -
ANS Hegar's sign

It is a significant softening of the vaginal portion of the cervix from increased vascularization.
This vascularization is a result of hypertrophy and engorgement of the vessels below the
growing uterus. - ANS Goodell's sign

What two hormones are responsible for the development and maturity of the external and
internal female reproductive structures? - ANS Estrogen and progesterone

, List 3 functions of the uterus. - ANS 1. Reception, implantation, retention, and nutrition of
the fertilized ovum and later fetus during pregnancy.
2. Expulsion of the fetus during childbirth.
3. Cyclic menstruation.

2/3 of this lining of the uterus is shed during menstruation. - ANS Endometrium

List the two functions of ovaries. - ANS 1. Ovulation
2. Hormone production

What are the three hormones produced by the ovaries? - ANS Estrogen, progesterone,
and androgen

List the three primary purposes of the female bony pelvis. - ANS 1. Protection of pelvic
structures.
2. Accommodation of the growing fetus during pregnancy.
3. Anchorage of the pelvic support structures.

What are the four phases of the endometrial cycle? - ANS 1. Menstrual
2. Proliferative
3. Secretory
4. Ischemic

This phase of the endometrial cycle includes the shedding of the functional two thirds of the
endometrium. - ANS Menstrual phase

This phase of the endometrial cycle is a period of rapid growth lasting from about the fifth day to
the time of ovulation. The endometrial surface is completely restored in approx. 4 days. - ANS
Proliferative phase

This phase of the endometrial cycle extends from the day of ovulation to about 3 days before
the next menstrual period. The endometrium fully matures to become a suitable and protective
and nutritive bed for a fertilized ovum. - ANS Secretory phase

If fertilization and implantation does not occur after ovulation, what part of the ovary regresses?
- ANS Corpus luteum

This phase of the endometrial cycle occurs at the very end of the cycle. If pregnancy does not
occur, estrogen and progesterone levels rapidly decrease causing the spasm of spinal arteries,
which blocks blood supply to the functional endometrium, causing necrosis. This marks day 1 of
the next cycle when menstrual bleeding begins. - ANS Ischemic phase

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