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NR503 Epidemiology Final, NR 503 Epi Final, NR 503 Epi Midterm
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NR503 Epidemiology Final, NR 503 Epi Final, NR 503 Epi Midterm
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NR503 EPIDEMIOLOGY FINAL, NR 503EPI FINAL, NR 503 EPI MIDTERM
m Common risk factors - unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, tobacco use
Childhood risk - conditions before birth and early in childhood influence health in adult life.
Risk accumulation - Ageing is an important marker of the accumulation of modifiable risks for chronic
disease
Underlying determinants - a reflection of the major forces driving social, economic, and cultural change.
I.e. globalization, urbanization, population ageing, and general policy environment
Poverty - interconnected with chronic disease in a vicious circle increasing exposure to risks and
decreased access to health services
Primary prevention - aims to prevent disease. I.e. banning hazardous products, educating on
healthy/safe habits, immunizations
Secondary prevention - reduce impact of disease or injury that has already occurred. I.e. screening tests,
low-dose ASA, suitably modified work
Tertiary prevention - aims to soften impact of ongoing illness. I.e. cardiac or stroke rehab, support
groups, vocational rehab
Cross Cultural Health Care Program (CCHCP) - materials to improve cultural competency among health
providers to provide healthcare interventions and other cultural variants
Marginalization - Major cause of vulnerability referring to exposure to a range of possible harms
Variables at risk for marginalization - high risk health literacy, cultural barriers, low english proficiency
Cultural competence - a dynamic, fluid, continuous process whereby an individual, system or health care
agency find meaningful and useful care delivery strategies based on knowledge of the cultural heritage,
beliefs, attitudes, and behavior of those whom they render care
Norms & values - soecific practices that guide the actions and decisions of each person in a group based
on their culture. Can be learned or shared.
Kleinman Explanatory Model - A set of questions that the APN can use in order to assess the culture of a
patient.
Socioeconomic status - A measure that takes into account three interrelated dimensions: a person's
income level, education level, and typ of occupation.
Disparities - a higher burden of illness, injury, disability, or mortality experiences by one grup relative to
another
, Minorities - a group of people who because of their physical or cultural characteristics, are singled out
from the other in society
Food desert - neighborhoods and communities that have limited access to affordable and nutritious
foods
Social determinants of health - poverty, education level, raciam, income, and poor housisng that effect
access to healthcare
Social justice theory - the goal that all people will have equal opportunity to healthcare access and
quality of healthcare will be the same
Data sources utilized to access determinants of health - Healthy People 2020, US Census, US Department
of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health and Health Disparities
Accommodation - To create an environment that accomodates health practice and ritual from other
cultures within a plan of care
Acculturation - degree to which an individual from one culture has given up the traits of that culture and
adopted the traits of the dominant culture in which they now reside
Assimilation - the social, economic, and political integration of a cultural group into mainstream society
to which it may have emigrated
Genetics - place patients at higher risk for certain disease and if family history reveals this a screening
tool could be used to determine the likelihood of a person developing the disease
Genetic risk assessment - when a patient is determined to have a gene that places them at a higher risk
of having a disease such as cancer, diabetes, or cardiovascular disease
Genomics - study of all genes in the human genome as well as their interaction with other genes, the
individuals environment, and the influence of cultural and psychosocial factors
Pharmacogenomics - medication efficacy, toxicity, and drug interaction based on genetic variations
Components of genetic risk assessment - Accurate family history for 3 generations or genetic blood
testing to reveal genes
Relationship between genetics and environment - a patient may have a gene increasing risks of disease
while also being exposed to environmental factors that also increase risk for disease. i.e. lung cancer and
radon gas
Cultural competence - A dynamic, fluid, continuous process whereby an individual, system or healthcare
agency find meaningful and useful care delivery strategies based in knowledge of the cultural heritage,
beliefs, attitudes, and behavior of those to whom they tender care
Norms and values - Specific practices that guide their actions and decisions of each person in a group
based on their culture. Can be either learned or shared.
Kleinman Explanatory Model - A set of questions the advanced practice nurse can use in order to assess
the culture of a patient
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