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BIOL 3301 Genetics Exam 1 Review- chapter 1-17 University of Houston
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BIOL 3301 Genetics Exam 1 Review- chapter 1-17 University of Houston
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BIOL 3301 Genetics Exam 1 Review- chapter 1-17University of Houston
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Exam 1 Review Genetics
Probability: If tails vs. head, tails is flipped 50%/ 0.5 probability. If tails flipped 2 times, (0.5) (0.5) = 0.25
probability. If flip a coin 2 times, for it to land tails once would be (tails + head = 0.25) + (tails+ tails =
0.25) + (head + tails= 0.25) = 0.75 probability. Probability of getting at least one 5 when roll two dice
would be 11 x (1/6)2= 0.306
- Product Rule: probability that two independent events both occurring is the product of each
event occurring separately (both flips will be tails)
- Sum Rule: The probability that either events will occur is sum of probability (at least one of two
flips will be tails)
Gene: the basic unit of inheritance; location is its locus
- Made up of nucleotide chains; All genetic makeup is the genome
- Allele is a form of a gene, composition of alleles is the genotype
Trait: an inherited characteristic (phenotype)
Law of Segregation: The units of inheritance (genes) are paired. Each gamete gets ½ units. Progeny
(zygote) get one unit from each parent. (exception is when genes are on same chromosome)
Law of independent assortment: Segregation of one gene pair is independent of segregation of another
pair.
Law of dominance: one of the pairs of inherited traits will be dominant and the other is recessive
(unless both are recessive). The phenotype will reflect the dominance of alleles.
Chi-Square Test: (Goodness of Fit) Is observed deviation by chance or because hypothesis correct? Chi-
square determines probability that it is by chance
- X2 =Summation(Observed-Expected)2 / Expected
- Degrees of freedom= n-1
If p=0.5, and genetically unlinked, may be physically linked (don’t know without more info). If genetically
linked, implies physical linkage (0<r</=0.5). If physically unlinked, it is genetically unlinked (r>/=0.5).
If it is caused by chance, the P values will be large. Higher the X2 value, the lower the P
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