NAS 2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
2024
Define protein denaturation - ANS-Loses shape
Causes of denaturation of a protein - ANS-Drop in pH (acidic)
Increase in pH
Increase in temperature
Describe how the denaturation of a protein affects its function - ANSSometimes reversible under normal conditi...
NAS 2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
2024
Define protein denaturation - ANS-Loses shape
Causes of denaturation of a protein - ANS-Drop in pH (acidic)
Increase in pH
Increase in temperature
Describe how the denaturation of a protein affects its function - ANS-
Sometimes reversible under normal conditions.
Sometimes irreversible.
(Sometimes chaperone proteins are needed to help fold/re-fold
proteins!)
What are enzymes? - ANS-Globular proteins
What are the functions of enzymes? - ANS-1. Lower the activation
energy required for chemical reactions
2. Increase the speed of reactions
3. Cannot force reactions to occur that on their own would not react
4. Are not used up or altered
5. Specific enzymes for specific reactions
6. Most names of enzymes end with the suffix '-ase'
Describe the structure and components that make up DNA - ANS-1.
DNA is a double-stranded helix
2. Strands are made up of; Deoxyribose sugar and phosphate groups
3. Phosphodiester linkage (covalent bond) between phosphate & sugar
4. Called the sugar: phosphate backbone
, Name the four nucleotides present within DNA - ANS-adenine (A)
(purine)
thymine (T) (pyrimidine)
guanine (G) (purine)
cytosine (C) (pyrimidine)
Name the building blocks of proteins - ANS-Amino Acids = 21 used to
build protein for living organisms.
Describe Aa's chemical structure (i.e. groups) - ANS-1. A central carbon
2. An amino group (- NH2)
3. A carboxylic acid group (-COOH)
4. A hydrogen atom (H)
5. An 'R' group
Proteins have a role in every _____________ ________ across all
domains of life. - ANS-physiological function
Enzymatic Proteins: - ANS-Lower the activation energy required for
initiating chemical reactions and speed up the rate of chemical
reactions.
Structural Proteins: - ANS-Make up cell membranes, bones, muscles,
ligaments, tendons, hair, nails & skin
Transport Proteins: - ANS-Carry oxygen in red blood cells (RBC); pump
nutrients and ions across membranes
Hormonal Proteins: - ANS-Regulate physiological process such as insulin
regulates blood sugar levels
Defensive Proteins: - ANS-Antibodies (Immunity)
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