Class notes
CHMA10H3 Introductory Chemistry 1 Lecture Notes (study guide solution) University of Toronto
- Course
- Institution
CHMA10H3 Introductory Chemistry 1 Lecture Notes (study guide solution) University of Toronto
[Show more]
Content preview
CHMA10H3 Introductory Chemistry 1Lecture Notes (study guide solution)
University of Toronto
, CHMA10H3 Lecture Notes
Monday November 5th
The sp orbital:
- Two electron groups, linear shape, 180 degrees.
- Hybridized or unhybridized orbitals for the sigma bonds, while unhybridized p orbitals
for pi
bonds.
- Usually, a double/triple bond is a sigma accompanied by pi bonds.
- Linear structure caused by the hybridization of orbitals into either
Example: acetylene CH--- CH
Note that the 2sp hybrid orbital for Nitrogen contains a lone pair (the left one is already filled
with two electrons)
Predicting Hybridization, Bonding
Scheme One: Lewis structure
Two: VSEPR THEORY: electron group geometry around each
central atom Two b: Hybridization scheme
Three: Sketch atomic and hybrid orbitals in the molecule, overlap of appropriate
orbitals Four: Pi or sigma bonds.
Take for example: CH3CHO
C1: 4 electron groups, therefore
tetrahedral, sp3 C2: 3 electron groups, sp2
trigonal planar
Next step: Label the bonds: usually pi bonds are involved in double to triple
bonds. Limits with Valence Bond Theory
VB theory predicts many properties better than Lewis theory, such as schemes, strengths,
lengths, rigidity, etc.
However, it still isn't perfect. It can't predict all properties perfectly, such as the magnetic
behaviour of O2.
Additionally, valence bond theory assumes that the electrons are localized in orbitals on the
atoms in the molecule, delocalization is ignored.
Molecular Orbital Theory
In MO theory, we apply Schrodinger's wave equation to the molecule to find a set of molecular
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller smartzone. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $11.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
80364 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now
