NUR 425 PRACTICE TEST QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
7 views 0 purchase
Course
NUR 425
Institution
NUR 425
Gas exchange (O2 in, CO2 out) what is the purpose of the respiratory system?
Nasal cavity and pharynx
Conducts, warms, filters, and humidifies air 2 components and purpose of the upper airway
Larynx, glottis, trachea, right and left mainstem bronchi (when trachea branches at angle of louis, bifu...
NUR 425 PRACTICE TEST QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Gas exchange (O2 in, CO2 out) ✅what is the purpose of the respiratory system?
Nasal cavity and pharynx
Conducts, warms, filters, and humidifies air ✅2 components and purpose of the upper
airway
Larynx, glottis, trachea, right and left mainstem bronchi (when trachea branches at
angle of louis, bifurcation = carina)
Trachea further warms, humidifies, filters + cilia propel mucous ✅4 components of the
lower airway and purpose of the trachea
Carina ✅when trachea bifurcates at the the angle of louis, trigger coughing when this
spot is hit
Work of breathing
(increased work of breathing = increased energy needed = increased oxygen needed)
✅what is respiratory effort referred to as?
Ventilation ✅what is mechanical movement of CO2 and O2 gases in and out of the
alveoli within the lung during breathing referred to as?
Diffusion ✅CO2 and O2 exchange at capillary level, driven by perfusion gradients
Perfusion ✅blood flow reaching alveoli and other tissues in the body
Resistance ✅anything opposing flow of gas (length, diameter of airway, flow rate)
Alveolus ✅Gas exchange in the lung occurs across the ____________ membrane
where O2 and CO2 diffuse across it in 0.25 seconds.
Ventilation has to do with physical strength and movements of muscle movements
around the lungs and the brain's ability to stimulate breathing
Oxygenation has to do with physiological problems with alveoli, arteries, veins, or
capillaries in gas exchange ✅what is the difference between ventilation and
oxygenation?
, Hemoglobin ✅what does oxygen bind to in the blood?
1. Hypoventilation (not breathing in enough leads to bot getting enough O2 to begin
with, low O2 coming in, low O2 diffused into the blood) ex. RR of 6 breaths/min
2. V/Q mismatch (ventilation not matching perfusion, ventilation but no perfusion "dead
space", intrapulmonary shunting causing deoxygenated blood to return to the L side of
the heart causing hypoxemia, perfusion but no ventilation "shunt") ex. Pulmonary
edema, PE
3. Diffuse limitation (gas movement from area of high to low concentration, diffusion
defect due to increased interstitial fluid impairs ability of O2 to diffuse over alveolar-
capillary membrane, hypercapnia is a late sign of diffusion defect) ex. Fibrosis,
interstitial edema
4. Low cardiac output ex. CHF
5. Low hemoglobin level ex. GI bleed
6. Tissue hypoxia (some conditions prevent tissues from using O2 despite availability
ex. Cyanide or carbon monoxide poisoning ✅6 issues that can lead to the failure of
oxygenation
Shunting ✅perfusion is good and flowing, but there is no gas exchange in V/Q
mismatch
Ventilation ✅what does the "V" stand for in V/Q mismatch
Perfusion ✅what does the "Q" stand for in V/Q mismatch
Hypercapnia ✅late sign of a diffusion defect that can lead to failure of oxygenation
No, it occurs due to a disease but it is not a disease itself
Ventilation problem - causes difficulty moving their lungs (get O2 in and CO2 out)
Oxygenation problem - can't get oxygen from the alveolus into the blood stream
May occur secondary to ARDS, COPD, asthma, pneumonia, or VAP ✅is respiratory
failure a disease?
1. Pao2 </= 60 mmhg when receiving a fio2 >/= 60% (hypoxemia)
2. Paco2 > 45 mmhg
3. Ph </= 7.35 (hypercapnia has caused acidosis ✅3 ABG values that indicate
respiratory failure
1. Failure of ventilation - difficulty moving their lungs (get O2 in and CO2 out)
2. Failure of oxygenation - can't get oxygen from the alveolus into the blood stream
3. Failure of both oxygenation and ventilation ✅3 Classifications of respiratory failure
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller twishfrancis. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $8.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
