Exam (elaborations)
SPA 6565 Final Exam revision test guide with a complete solution
- Course
- Institution
SPA 6565 Final Exam revision test guide with a complete solution
[Show more]
Content preview
SPA 6565 Final Exam revision test guidewith a complete solution
what is neurogenic dysphagia? - ANS any issue with swallowing safely or efficiently caused
by a neurogenic disease
what are the causes of neurogenic dysphagia? - ANS -Parkinson's
-Huntington's
-TBI
-CVA/stroke
-MS
-ALS
-Guillian-Barre Syndrome
-Alzheimer's
-Brain tumors
-Bulbar/Pseudobulbar Palsy
-Myathenia Gravis
-Neurotoxins
where can the location of the problem that causes dysphagia be (in neurogenic dysphagia) -
ANS brain or CNS
-cerebral cortex
-midbrain/subcortical
-corticobulbar tract
-brainstem
-cerebellum
-medulla
-meninges
-PNS/cranial nerves
what is an acute insult? - ANS it happened all of a sudden
example of acute insult? - ANS TBI/stroke
What are meninges? - ANS membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord; dura,
arachnoid, Pia
What flows between the meninges - ANS cerebral spinal fluid
,what is a leak that can make blood go into the CSF (the CSF is already full which creates more
pressure and the collection of blood SPREADS)? - ANS subarachnoid hemorrhage
What is bleeding of the arachnoid from up above that causes a collection of blood that stays in
just that area (easier to understand what the deficits might be)? - ANS subdural hematoma
what are the types of CVAs - ANS hemorrhagic, ischemic
what is the higher brainstem - ANS pons
what is the lower brainstem - ANS medulla
What are the subcortical structures? - ANS basal ganglia, thalamus, cerebellum
the basal ganglia is a key part of ______ motor control of swallow - ANS efferent
what does the basal ganglia do? - ANS modulates motor signals coming from the cortex and
cerebellum; connects the cortex and other subcortical structures
what controls posture, balance, and fine motor movement; motor movement - ANS
cerebellum
T/f a cerebral stroke would not directly damage a nerve because the nerves are not in the brain
- ANS true but it would impact them
how does the blood get from the heart to the brain? - ANS arteries
What is the PNS - ANS all of the nervous system that isn't in the brain or spinal cord
Are cranial nerves part of the CNS or PNS? - ANS PNS
What artery is most often involved in strokes? - ANS MCA
If the lesion is in the medulla/lower brainstem, what will the patient most likely have difficulty
with? - ANS swallowing
What is the sequelae mainly dependent on? (2 things) - ANS site of lesion; extent of lesion
(how bad it is)
In a stroke, what helps us to determine the sequelae? - ANS -hemiparesis?
-oral acceptance?
-lingual/labial/velum strength and coordination
-sensory impairment?
-pharyngeal swallow timing
, -reduced contraction
-reduced laryngeal excursion
-cognitive disturbances
would you do rehab, compensation, or both for a stroke victim ? - ANS both
what are the 2 types of strokes? - ANS -Hemorrhagic: bleeding in the brain
-Ischemic: blood vessel supplying the brain is blocked
______ is the #1 cause of neurologic dysphagia - ANS stroke
t/f most stroke patients impove swallowing function in about 6 months - ANS true
are brain injuries normally simple or complex? - ANS complex
what are the considerations of a brain injury? - ANS -severity of damage
-open/closed injury
-multi-system trauma (did multiple things happen or just one)
-type of force that caused the damage
TBIs are easy to predict the outcomes of T/F - ANS false- there is limited evidence to assist
in predictive outcomes
In a TBI, dysphagia is normally primary symptom T/F - ANS False - normally secondary to
respiratory status, behavioral issues, and impulsivity
When does treatment have to be the most adaptive? - ANS During the acute phases;
thinking about positioning, assistance and orthopedic injuries; diet modifications
What is more focal (specific), a TBI or stroke? - ANS stroke. A brain injury is usually more
spread out so its difficult to predict outcomes
treatment for a brain injury is mostly dependent on _____ and ______ - ANS -type of
damage (strengthening, sensory impairments especially with presence of partial/total nerve
damage)
-insight and cognitive abilities (supervision, impulsivity, ability to participate)
Which neurogenic disorder is described as demyelination (small scars on white matter) ,
immune-mediated disorder, inflammatory disease, genetics can have an impact, and nearly
30% exhibit dysphagia? - ANS MS- multiple sclerosis
What might you see in MS, dependent on site of lesion - ANS delay and incoordination of
laryngeal movement and pharyngeal constrictor dysmotility-Depends on site of lesion could be
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller excellentrevision964. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $10.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
75057 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now