tariff calculation - ✔✔most duty collected based on value, collected ad
valorem, valuation is generally the amount billed by the exporter and shown on
the invoice
Quota - ✔✔A limit placed on the quantities of a product that can be imported
Exchange controls - ✔✔Regulations that restrict the amount of currency that
can be bought or sold
Restricted access to local distribution - ✔✔National governments may also
protect domestic industries for restricting access to normal channels for
distribution for foreign firms
Investment barriers - ✔✔Government restricts foreign ownership in certain
sectors. Like what Canada did to the Chinese recently
infant industry argument - ✔✔Firms need to be shielded from direct foreign
competition in order for them to
grow and develop
multi domestic marketing - ✔✔Marketing for specific countries
, Global Marketing - ✔✔Marketing for all countries
Levitt's homogeneous markets - ✔✔Ted Levitt argued in 1983 that markets are
becoming more homogenous and therefore could be targeted with standardized
products. Levitt argued that technology and communication were the drivers.
(iPhone are the same everywhere)
Dreher's KOF Index - ✔✔Economic Intergration - Trade and Investement
Political Integration - Gov Intervention - peacekeepers
Social Integration - the flow of ideas and movement of people (tourism flows;
telecom traffic; no. of Mcdonald's restaurants).
(Higher in scale, the more global)
Trade sanction - ✔✔an effort to punish another nation by imposing trade
barriers
Embargo - ✔✔an official ban on trade or other commercial activity with a
particular country.
export controls - ✔✔Federal laws that prohibit the unlicensed export of
information, technology or commodities and their corresponding regulations,
which direct how information and technology are transferred.
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