PHIL EXAM 1 2024 QUESTIONS & ANSWERS 100% CORRECT
Philosophy is done by a_____ - ANSWERSargument
At any rate, l_____ a_____ is a skill much like physical self-defense.
It is i_____ across contexts! - ANSWERSlogical argumentation
invaluable
C______ need not always come last when an ar...
At any rate, l_____ a_____ is a skill much like physical self-defense.
It is i_____ across contexts! - ANSWERSlogical argumentation
invaluable
C______ need not always come last when an argument is in paragraph form - ANSWERSConclusion
Words used to indicate logical conclusion include
oT_____
oH_____
oTh_____
oI_____ f_____ t_____... - ANSWERSTherefore
Hence
Thus
It follows that
When the conclusion comes first, the relationship can be conveyed by
oS_______
oG_______ or g_______ t_______
oSometimes 'b_______' works here
oSometimes 'af_______ a_______' - ANSWERSSince
Given
,given that
because
after all
P______ and c______ are propositions. - ANSWERSPremises
conclusions
P____ are what declarative sentences express. They are the primary bearers of t____ and f____.
•Roughly, a d____ s____ predicates something of a subject. It can be t____ or f____
•Compared to i_____: go to sleep! (can't be t____ or f____) - ANSWERSPropositions
truth
falsity
declarative sentence
true
false
imperatives
true
false
The same p_____ may be expressed by more than one sentence:
•My name is Dan
•Me llamo Dan
•Jag heter Dan - ANSWERSproposition
So arguments are really sets of p_____ that are purported to stand in a certain relation. The propositions
that are the premises are purported to s_____, or e_____, or show the t_____ of, the conclusion. (We
may take these as synonymous.) - ANSWERSpropositions
support
establish
,truth
Sentences that express propositions may be linked up with "logical constants":
•N_____
•Conj_____
•D_____
•Cond_____
•B_____ - ANSWERSNegation
Conjunction
Disjunction
Conditional
Biconditional
These logical constants are "truth functional". That is, they may be used to determine the t_____ v_____
of the sentences they are used to form, so long as we know the t_____ v_____ of the smaller sentences
they connect. - ANSWERStruth values
truth values
Validity: An argument is valid if (and only if) it is not possible for all its premises to be t_____ and its
conclusion f_____. - ANSWERStrue
false
If it is not valid then it is i_____. (So an argument is invalid if (and only if) it is possible for all its premise
to be t_____ and yet its conclusion f_____.) - ANSWERSinvalid
true
false
Necessary and Sufficient conditions:
'If X then Y' says both that X is s_____ for Y and that Y is n_____ for X.
, •In affirming the consequent, one mistakes a n_____ condition for a s_____ one. (Disneyland's being fun
is necessary for Bob's being tall, but not sufficient.)
•In denying the antecedent, one mistakes a s_____ condition for a n_____ one. (Bob's being tall is
sufficient for Disneyland's not being fun, but not necessary.) - ANSWERSsufficient
necessary
necessary
sufficient
sufficient
necessary
Soundness: v_____ plus all true p_____ - ANSWERSvalidity
premises
A priori: justification for belief/explanation for truth does not require going out in the world to c_____
e_____ what it is like - ANSWERScheck empirically
A posteriori: justification for belief/explanation for truth does require going out into the world and
e_____ c_____ what it's like. - ANSWERSempirically checking
Necessarily true: had to be t_____; could not have been f_____ - ANSWERStrue
false
Contingently true: might have been f_____ (even though it's actually t_____) - ANSWERSfalse
true
Philosophy is, to a large extent, concerned with arguments about whether certain propositions are
necessarily true.
That the m_____ is physical.
That morality is determined by facts about c_____
That knowledge is j_____ t_____ b_____.
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller Bensuda. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $10.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.