NUR 313 Pathophysiology Exam 2 Study Questions and Correct Answers
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Course
NUR 313
Institution
NUR 313
What is Cardiac Ischemia? Lack/decreased blood flow and oxygen to the heart muscle.
Orthostatic Hypotension -A drop in blood pressure due to a sudden change of posture. (From lying to standing) Low BP -Seen most often in the elderly + those taking hypertensive medications
Left Ventricular Hypertr...
NUR 313 Pathophysiology Exam 2 Study
Questions and Correct Answers
What is Cardiac Ischemia? ✅Lack/decreased blood flow and oxygen to the heart
muscle.
Orthostatic Hypotension ✅-A drop in blood pressure due to a sudden change of
posture. (From lying to standing)
Low BP
-Seen most often in the elderly + those taking hypertensive medications
Left Ventricular Hypertrophy (LVH) ✅-Overexertion of energy in the left ventricle that
causes hypertrophy (thickening) of the hearts left ventricle muscle.
Risk Factors:
-High BP
-Any other heart conditions that makes the heart work harder than its supposed to.
Triglyceride ✅less that 150
Lipoproteins: TOTAL Cholesterol ✅125-200
Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) ✅Deposited on arterial walls; BAD cholesterol
100 and less (<100)
High Denisty Lipoprotein (HDL) ✅Secreted form the body; GOOD cholesterol
45 and more (>45)
Hypertension (HTN) ✅"Silent Killer"
-When the vessel walls hypertrophy & become thicker, reducing the stress & tension on
the vessel walls.
AKA: High/elevated BP; One of the most common diseases worldwide.
Hypertension (HTN) Diagnosis ✅-HTN has no symptoms
-No known cause
-Can lead to Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)
*Identified when an individual's BP reads more than 130/80, more than twice on to
different clinical visits
Normal Blood Pressure (BP) ✅120/80
Elevated Blood Pressure (BP) ✅120-129/80 or higher
, Hypertension Stage 1 ✅130-139/80-89
Hypertension Stage 2 ✅140 or higher/90 or higher
Hypertension Crisis ✅180 or higher /120 or higher
Long Term complications of Hypertension ✅-Muscle works harder to get blood flowing
through the aorta
-Muscle needs more oxygen to function but it can't because there is no oxygen
available.
-Become susceptible to ischemia, infarction and Heart Failure
Hypertension Risk Factors ✅-Age
-African American ethnicity
-Family History
-Obesity
-Diabetes Mellitus
-Sedentary behavior/lifestyle
-Tobacco/smoking use
-Stress
-Low potassium and Vitamin D
-Excess alcohol
Hypertension affects ✅-Exerts force on the endothelial linings of the arteries
-High resistance on the Left Ventricle
-High BP in the systemic arteries (i.e aorta)
-Systemic arteries are at risk of getting injured
Peripheral Arterial Disease ✅Disorder that involves arteriosclerosis (fatty deposits and
calcium building up in the walls of the arteries) of the lower extremities peripheral
arteries
The narrow blood vessels reduce blood flow to the limbs.
-Most common area affected: Femoral artery above the knee
Peripheral Arterial Disease
Risk Factors ✅-Same as those of arteriosclerosis
- 45 and older (Men)
- 55 and older (Women)
-Hypertension
-High Fat diet
-Hyperlipidemia
-Sedentary lifestyle
These things can increase PAD by 3x :
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