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PMSC12001 - Airway, Oxygenation And Ventilation Exam Latest Update
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PMSC12001 - Airway, OxygenationAnd Ventilation Exam Latest Update
OPA indications - Answer - Maintain airway patency.
- Bite block for intubated patients.
OPA complications - Answer - Airway trauma from OPA placement.
- Intolerance of OPA requiring removal.
- Can precipitate vomiting/ aspiration in patient with intact gag reflex.
- Incorrect size or placement can potentially exacerbate airway obstruction.
OPA contraindications - Answer - Conscious patients.
- Patients with intact gag reflex.
TAM Indications - Answer Patients unable to maintain airway patency
TAM Contraindications - Answer Nil
TAM complications - Answer Potential c-spine injury
NPA indications - Answer Potential or actual airway obstruction
NPA contraindications - Answer Nil
NPA complications - Answer - Airway trauma, particularly epistaxis
- Incorrect size or placement will compromise effectiveness
- Exacerbate injury in base of skull fracture with NPA potentially displacing into the
cranial vault
- Can stimulate a gag reflex in sensitive patients, precipitating vomiting or aspiration
BVM indications - Answer Acute respiratory distress, hypoventilation (RR<10) or arrest
requiring positive pressure ventilation
BVM contraindications - Answer Spontaneously breathing patients with adequate tidal
volume and an appropriate respiratory rate (RR>10)
BVM complications - Answer Gastric inflation
Pulmonary barotrauma
, Undesirable cardiovascular effects such as hypotension, secondary to caval
compression
Laryngoscope indications - Answer Visualisation of the glottis for the purpose of
removal of foreign body
Laryngoscope contraindications - Answer Suspected or known epiglottis
Laryngoscope complications - Answer - Laryngospasm
- Hypoxia due to delays in oxygenation while performing the procedure
- Trauma to the mouth or upper airway, particularly teeth / dentures
- Exacerbation of c-spine injuries
- Vomiting / regurgitation
Magill indications - Answer Removal of pharyngeal foreign bodies causing airway
obstruction in an obtunded patient
Magill contraindications - Answer Patients with an effective cough
Macgill complications - Answer - Trauma to the tissue surrounding the pharynx uvula
and tongue
- Manipulating a partially obstructed airway may cause the object to totally occlude the
airway
Laryngeal manipulation indications - Answer Sub-optimal visualisation of the larynx
during direct laryngoscopy
Laryngeal manipulation complications - Answer - Incorrect application
- May worsen visualisation of the larynx
- potential for airway trauma
Laryngeal manipulation contraindications - Answer Active vomiting
I-Gel indications - Answer Actual loss of airway patency and/or airway protection
I-Gel contraindications - Answer - Conscious, breathing patient
- Continuous use for more than 4 hours
I-Gel complications - Answer - Failure to provide adequate airway or ventilation
- Patient intolerance
- Hypoxia
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