1 | P a g e | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+
Pathophysiology - BIOD331 - Module 2
Questions & 100% Correct Answers
What is cancer?
✓ :~~ The unregulated growth of abnormal cells
What is neoplasia?
✓ :~~ "New growth". Process of uncontrolled, abnormal growth of cells or
tissues in the body
What is neoplasm?
✓ :~~ The new growth itself
Normal tissue growth responds with ________ and ________
✓ :~~ Hypertrophy and hyperplasia
Neoplasms don't respond to _____ _______ _____ ______ (4 words)
✓ :~~ Appropriate cellular signaling stimuli
Normal tissue renewal and repair requires what 3 things?
✓ :~~ Proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis
Master01 | September, 2024/2025 | Latest update
, 2 | P a g e | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+
What is proliferation?
✓ :~~ Process of cell division. Adaptive process for new cell growth to
replace old cells or when additional cells are needed.
Neoplasms tend to have _______ ______ that cause excessive and uncontrolled
proliferation that is unregulated by normal growth-regulating stimuli.
✓ :~~ Genetic abnormalities
What is differentiation?
✓ :~~ Process by which cells become more specialized with each mitotic
division
What is apoptosis?
✓ :~~ Programmed cell death. Eliminates old, damaged, or unwanted cells
What are proto-oncogenes?
✓ :~~ Cell growth. They encode proteins that signal for the cell to proliferate
What do tumor suppressor genes do?
✓ :~~ Cell death. Encode proteins that inhibit cell growth and signal (when
necessary) for apoptosis
Master01 | September, 2024/2025 | Latest update
, 3 | P a g e | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+
What is the G1 phase of the cell cycle?
✓ :~~ DNA synthesis stops while the cell enlarges and both RNA and protein
synthesis begins
What is the S phase of the cell cycle?
✓ :~~ DNA synthesis occurs, producing 2 separate sets of chromosomes one
for each daughter cell
What is the G2 phase of the cell cycle?
✓ :~~ DNA synthesis again stops while RNA/protein synthesis continues.
The first 3 phases of the cell cycle are referred to as __________
✓ :~~ Interphase
What are cell cycle checkpoints?
✓ :~~ Means of molecular surveillance used to ensure the cell is ready to
proceed to the next phase
What is the M phase of the cell cycle?
✓ :~~ Mitosis and cytoplasmic division.
Master01 | September, 2024/2025 | Latest update
, 4 | P a g e | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+
Give an example of a type of cell found in the body that continually cycles from
one mitotic division to the next.
✓ :~~ Skin's squamous epithelium
What is the rest state that some cells enter after the M phase called?
✓ :~~ G0 or resting phase
Why would a cell enter the G0 phase?
✓ :~~ 1. Nutrients are unavailable
2. Growth factors are unavailable
3. Highly specialized cells first leave the cell cycle
What type of cells found in the body may permanently stay in G0?
✓ :~~ Neurons (highly specialized and terminally differentiated cells)
What may prompt a cell to leave the G0 phase?
✓ :~~ Cell receives stimuli via:
1. Growth factors
2. Hormones
3. Other signals that trigger growth
Master01 | September, 2024/2025 | Latest update
Pathophysiology - BIOD331 - Module 2
Questions & 100% Correct Answers
What is cancer?
✓ :~~ The unregulated growth of abnormal cells
What is neoplasia?
✓ :~~ "New growth". Process of uncontrolled, abnormal growth of cells or
tissues in the body
What is neoplasm?
✓ :~~ The new growth itself
Normal tissue growth responds with ________ and ________
✓ :~~ Hypertrophy and hyperplasia
Neoplasms don't respond to _____ _______ _____ ______ (4 words)
✓ :~~ Appropriate cellular signaling stimuli
Normal tissue renewal and repair requires what 3 things?
✓ :~~ Proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis
Master01 | September, 2024/2025 | Latest update
, 2 | P a g e | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+
What is proliferation?
✓ :~~ Process of cell division. Adaptive process for new cell growth to
replace old cells or when additional cells are needed.
Neoplasms tend to have _______ ______ that cause excessive and uncontrolled
proliferation that is unregulated by normal growth-regulating stimuli.
✓ :~~ Genetic abnormalities
What is differentiation?
✓ :~~ Process by which cells become more specialized with each mitotic
division
What is apoptosis?
✓ :~~ Programmed cell death. Eliminates old, damaged, or unwanted cells
What are proto-oncogenes?
✓ :~~ Cell growth. They encode proteins that signal for the cell to proliferate
What do tumor suppressor genes do?
✓ :~~ Cell death. Encode proteins that inhibit cell growth and signal (when
necessary) for apoptosis
Master01 | September, 2024/2025 | Latest update
, 3 | P a g e | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+
What is the G1 phase of the cell cycle?
✓ :~~ DNA synthesis stops while the cell enlarges and both RNA and protein
synthesis begins
What is the S phase of the cell cycle?
✓ :~~ DNA synthesis occurs, producing 2 separate sets of chromosomes one
for each daughter cell
What is the G2 phase of the cell cycle?
✓ :~~ DNA synthesis again stops while RNA/protein synthesis continues.
The first 3 phases of the cell cycle are referred to as __________
✓ :~~ Interphase
What are cell cycle checkpoints?
✓ :~~ Means of molecular surveillance used to ensure the cell is ready to
proceed to the next phase
What is the M phase of the cell cycle?
✓ :~~ Mitosis and cytoplasmic division.
Master01 | September, 2024/2025 | Latest update
, 4 | P a g e | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+
Give an example of a type of cell found in the body that continually cycles from
one mitotic division to the next.
✓ :~~ Skin's squamous epithelium
What is the rest state that some cells enter after the M phase called?
✓ :~~ G0 or resting phase
Why would a cell enter the G0 phase?
✓ :~~ 1. Nutrients are unavailable
2. Growth factors are unavailable
3. Highly specialized cells first leave the cell cycle
What type of cells found in the body may permanently stay in G0?
✓ :~~ Neurons (highly specialized and terminally differentiated cells)
What may prompt a cell to leave the G0 phase?
✓ :~~ Cell receives stimuli via:
1. Growth factors
2. Hormones
3. Other signals that trigger growth
Master01 | September, 2024/2025 | Latest update
