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PMD-603 Study Guide Exam
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PMD-603 Study Guide ExamWhat is physiology? - Answer The science concerned with the function of the living
organism, its parts, and the physical/chemical processes involved
What is pathophysiology? - Answer The study of disordered body function
What are some ways cells regulate and integrate? - Answer Genes, operons, repressor
proteins, transcription factors, and membrane transport
What are the two systems used for tissue regulation? - Answer Autocrine and paracrine
Tissue regulation where the same tissue is stimulated is... - Answer Autocrine
Tissue regulation where different tissue is stimulated is... - Answer Paracrine
The maintenance of static or constant conditions in the internal environment is known
as... - Answer Homeostasis
What are the four types of tissues in the body? - Answer Epithelial, muscle, nervous, and
connective
What is the function of epithelial tissue? - Answer Lining surfaces in the body
What is the function of muscle tissue? - Answer Contract by the use of fibers
What is the function of nervous tissue? - Answer Transmit electrical signals
What are the four types of connective tissue? - Answer Loose, bone, cartilage, and
blood
What is the function of loose connective tissue? - Answer Act as padding under skin and
elsewhere
Loose connective tissues made up of cells in a hard/stiff cellular matrix can include... -
Answer Bone and cartilage
What is blood? - Answer A connective tissue made of cells in a liquid matrix
Intracellular fluid contains... - Answer Potassium, magnesium, and phosphate ions
Extracellular fluid contains... - Answer Sodium, chloride, bicarbonate, oxygen glucose,
fatty acids, and amino acids
The total body water is ___% of total body weight which is ___L - Answer 60%, 42 L
Intracellular fluid contains ___ of total body water which is ___L - Answer 2/3, 28 L
,Extracellular fluid contains ___ of total body water which is ___L - Answer 1/3, 14 L
Intravascular fluid contains ___ of total body water - Answer 1/12
Pathophysiology results from failing to maintain which cellular fluid? - Answer
Extracellular fluid
The movement of blood around the body refers to which organ system? - Answer
Circulatory System
What are capillaries? - Answer Small, porous vessels which allow bidirectional diffusion
caused by kinetic motion
How does the respiratory system work? - Answer Blood picks up oxygen in the alveoli of
the lungs, and releases CO2 which is carried to the atmosphere
Which arteries enable oxygen diffusion, and how large are they? - Answer Thin
pulmonary arteries, 0.4-2.0 mm
What is the purpose of the gastrointestinal tract? - Answer To absorb dissolved
nutrients into the extracellular fluid
Molecules which cannot be absorbed get their chemical composition modified by which
organ? - Answer The liver
Which organ system is responsible for the reabsorption of necessary components into
the blood, and removal of end products? - Answer Urinary system
Kidneys filter large quantities of ______ through the _________ - Answer Plasma,
glomeruli
The organ system responsible for providing structure and protection to organ is known
as... - Answer The skeletal system
The muscular system is responsible for what? - Answer Movement of the organism to
obtain nutrients, and protection against adverse surroundings
The integumentary system is responsible for what? - Answer Maintenance of the
structural barrier, and enabling the release of moisture and ions
How are ions and moisture released through the integumentary system? - Answer
Through sweat glands
The brain storing information, generating thought, and determining the body's response
to stimuli applies to which nervous system? - Answer Central nervous system
Receptors detecting the state of the body and surroundings applies to which nervous
system? - Answer Sensory nervous system
The nervous system responsible for movement is... - Answer Motor nervous system
, Heartbeat, secretions, and movement of the gastrointestinal tract applies to which
nervous system? - Answer Autonomic nervous system
What is the endocrine system responsible for? - Answer Transport of hormones in
extracellular fluid to regulate cellular function
Thyroid hormones are responsible for... - Answer Metabolism
Insulin is responsible for... - Answer Glucose metabolism
Adrenocortical hormones are responsible for... - Answer Ion and protein metabolism
Parathyroid hormones are responsible for... - Answer Bone metabolism
The reproductive system maintains homeostasis by... - Answer Continuation of species
What is negative feedback? - Answer A response to a change that counteracts the
change
What is positive feedback? - Answer A response to a change that promotes the change
What is feed-forward? - Answer Change anticipation
If the endocrine system overproduces thyroid hormones, which response would
regulate it? - Answer Negative feedback
What is a baroreceptor system? - Answer A system of neck receptors in the neck/thorax
which send nerve impulses to decrease blood pumping/pressure when arterial pressure
rises too high
A decrease in arterial pressure below normal activates the _________ ______ to cause
________________ and increase blood pumping - Answer Vasomotor center,
vasoconstriction
A blood clot which closes/heals a wound would be an example of what feedback? -
Answer Positive feedback
How do the respiratory and nervous system work together? - Answer When hemoglobin
combines with oxygen in the lungs to release varying amounts of CO2 into the blood
stream, this excites the nervous system to induce rapid breathing to regulate CO2 levels
___% of cholesterol is made in the liver, and ___% comes from food - Answer 75%, 25%
Why is LDL bad? - Answer It builds up in the inner walls of arteries, forming plaque
which narrows the arteries and reduces flexibility
Why is HDL good? - Answer Prevents LDL from getting lodged into artery walls and
protects against heart attack
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