MDC EXAM 2 REVIEW PRACTICE TEST.
What do you think are the main contributors to MS trauma ? - CORRECT ANSWER o Aging of the nation
o Osteoporosis
o Falls
o Failure to use recommended safety equipment for recreational activities
Fall prevention/home safety - CORRECT ANSWER • Hand rails ...
What do you think are the main contributors to MS trauma ? - CORRECT ANSWER o Aging of the nation
o Osteoporosis
o Falls
o Failure to use recommended safety equipment for recreational activities
Fall prevention/home safety - CORRECT ANSWER • Hand rails in bathrooms
• Ramps instead of stairs
• Wear rubber sole shoes
• Avoid scatter rugs
• Prevent clutter
• Avoid slippery floors
Health promotion - CORRECT ANSWER • Daily sun exposure: 5 minutes per day
• Increase Vitamin D and calcium intake in the diet (dairy products and dark leafy green vegetables).
• Avoid alcohol.
• Avoid tobacco.
• Limit the intake of carbonated beverages.
• Include weight-bearing exercise at least 3 - 5 times per week.
• Encourage people at high risk to avoid activities that increase jarring, i.e. horseback riding.
What systems are affected by immobility? - CORRECT ANSWER o Cardiovascular (circulatory)
o Musculoskeletal
o Integumentary
o GI/Nutrition
o Psychological
,o Respiratory
What systems are significantly affected by immobility - CORRECT ANSWER o Cardiovascular
o GI/Nutrition
o Respiratory
Range of Motion (ROM) - CORRECT ANSWER Maximum Movement
Active Range of Motion (AROM) - CORRECT ANSWER Independent Joint Movement
Passive Range of Motion (PROM) - CORRECT ANSWER Dependent Joint Movement
Body mechanics - CORRECT ANSWER Coordinated use of the body to safely transfer clients from place to
place. Use lift equipment to protect the care provider from injury.
Body alignment - CORRECT ANSWER Maintaining the body in alignment and balance while maintaining
physiological functioning.
Balance - CORRECT ANSWER When the center of gravity is close to the base of support.
Coordination - CORRECT ANSWER Muscles work together to provide purposeful movement.
Flexion - CORRECT ANSWER Bending the hinge joint at 90 degrees.
Extension - CORRECT ANSWER Straightening the hinge joint to 180 degrees.
Abduction - CORRECT ANSWER Moving the joint away from the body.
Adduction - CORRECT ANSWER Moving the joint toward the body.
,Circumduction - CORRECT ANSWER Ball and socket joint in a circular motion.
Internal and external rotation: Turning the palm of the hand toward the ceiling then toward the floor. -
CORRECT ANSWER
Opposition - CORRECT ANSWER Touching the thumb to each finger of the hand.
Hip Replacement Prevention of complications - CORRECT ANSWER Abduction pillow: prevents
dislocation of a total hip joint replacement especially for a confused client
Bed positioning (Fowler, high - CORRECT ANSWER fowler, supine, prone, etc.)-
o Fowler's- Head of the bed 45 to 60 degrees
o Lateral-Side lying position
o Prone-Lying of the abdomen with head turned to one side
o Sims- Semiprone position
o Supine or dorsal recumbent position- Lying on the back
Purpose of positioning - CORRECT ANSWER o Prevent skin breakdown
o Prevent muscle discomfort
o Prevent damage to superficial nerves and blood vessels
o Prevent contractures
Client Transfer Safety - CORRECT ANSWER Transfer Board, Mechanical lift, transfer belt, physical
therapy, and dangling
Transfer board - CORRECT ANSWER is a board that is placed between the client and the surface of the
chair the client is moving toward. The client then slides the lower body from one surface to the other.
, Mechanical Lift - CORRECT ANSWER A transfer sling is placed under the client and a hydraulic device
with belts is attached to the sling. The client is then lifted and moved to another surface such as a chair.
Transfer belt - CORRECT ANSWER A belt placed around the client's waist to assist the nurse when
transferring the client from one surface to another or when ambulating.
Dangling - CORRECT ANSWER This position helps with getting the patient up in a chair, stand or
ambulate.
Effects of Immobility on Musculoskeletal System - CORRECT ANSWER o Bone density/mass loss
o Inflammation- reduced by ice therapy and cold packs, NSAIDS, elevate, and movement of joints, Heat
and Combination of hot and cold.
o Pulmonary embolism
o 21% loss of muscle strength per week
o Osteoporosis
o Impaired balance
o Foot drop
o Altered joint mobility
o Pathological fractures
o Decreased stability
Risk Factors of immobility - CORRECT ANSWER Caffeine
Calcium and Vitamin D intake
Carbonated beverages
High phosphorous intake
Protein deficiency
Excessive alcohol intake
Excessive tobacco use
Pulmonary Embolism
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