LiDAR - answer-A remote sensing method technology used to create high-resolution and highly accurate DSMs and DTMs of ground elevation with a vertical accuracy of 10 centimeters or better. (Acronym for LIght Detection And Ranging)
Z-factor - answer-A conversion factor that adjusts the units of m...
GIS FINAL EXAM 2024
LiDAR - answer-A remote sensing method technology used to create high-resolution and highly
accurate DSMs and DTMs of ground elevation with a vertical accuracy of 10 centimeters or better.
(Acronym for LIght Detection And Ranging)
Z-factor - answer-A conversion factor that adjusts the units of measure for the vertical (or elevation)
units when they are different from the horizontal coordinate (x, y) units. If the vertical and
horizontal units are different, some terrain analysis tools' results will be incorrect.
DSM (Digital Surface Model) - answer-A raster grid that models elevation as a surface and includes
the heights of landscape features such as buildings and trees
Slope - answer-The incline, or steepness, of a surface measured in degrees from horizontal (0° to
90°), or percent [(rise ÷ run) x 100]. In terrain analysis, it is calculated on a cell-by-cell basis as the
steepest incline of a plane defined by each cell and its eight surrounding neighbors. It is the first
derivative of an elevation raster.
Binary Suitability - answer-An analysis process used to determine how well locations fit a set of
criteria. The criteria are evaluated as either suitable or not suitable. For example, in determining
possible locations for a new school, locations that have a slope less than 10° on a sandy loam soil
might be suitable, while those that don't meet those criteria are not.
Aspect - answer-The compass direction (0° to 360°) that a topographic slope faces. The terrain
analysis tool calculates it as the steepest downslope direction of a plane defined by a surface raster
grid cell and its eight surrounding neighbors.
TIN (Triangulated Irregular Network) - answer-A network of contiguous, non-overlapping triangles
that can be used to represent geographic surfaces such as elevation or concentrations of minerals
or pollutants.
Surface Raster - answer-A continuous raster grid where pixel values represent a smoothly varying
feature such as terrain or depth to the water table. Examples include grids that represent measured
concentration levels such as rainfall or values measured from a fixed point such as sea level.
Cut/Fill - answer-A terrain analysis tool that calculates the volume change between two coincident
surfaces from different times. It is often used in construction to show excavation progress or to
quantify terrain changes following a volcanic eruption, flood, or landslide.
DEM (Digital Elevation Model) - answer-A raster grid that models elevation as a surface. Each pixel
in the raster grid represents an elevation (digital elevation model).
Terrain Analysis - answer-The process of deriving new raster data, such as slope, aspect, viewshed,
or curvature, from an elevation raster. The results can be used to model and visualize the earth's
surface, perform analysis, and support decision-making.
Hillshade - answer-A terrain analysis tool used to visualize topography. It adds shading based on
sun angle, elevation, and changes in elevation, providing a clearer picture of the terrain by
mimicking the sun's effects (illumination, shading, and shadows) on hills and canyons.
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