Nutrition 1020 Exam 3 WSU with verified solutions 2024
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Course
Nutrition 1020
Institution
Nutrition 1020
digestion
breaking down of food
big food parts into smaller ones
mechanical, involves muscles and nerves
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big nutrients into smaller ones
chemical, involves...
Nutrition 1020 Exam 3 WSU
with verified solutions 2024
digestion - answer breaking down of food
big food parts into smaller ones - answer mechanical, involves
muscles and nerves
big nutrients into smaller ones - answer chemical, involves acid,
enzymes, and hormones
enzyme - answer protein that catalyzes metabolic reactions and are
necessary for most biochemical reactions to occur
- digestive enzymes break down food
ex) amylase for carbs
protease for proteins
lipase for lipids/fats
Hormone - answer chemicals produced by cells (in an endocrine
gland) are secreted, then affect the behavior of cells at distal sites
in the body
ex) cholecystokinin and secretin in digestion
chemical digestion - answer saliva (lubrication), amylase (breaks
down digestible carbs)
food becomes bolus
,esophagus - answer persitalsis begins here
peristalsis - answer muscular wave action that occurs throughout
the intestinal tract
-controlled by central nervous system and facilitates excretion by
propelling food stuff through the body
stomach - answer muscular organ and storage reservoir
- mechanically digests by mixing and churning
- chemically digests food with acid and enzymes (pepsin)
- bolus becomes chyme
Small intestine - answer duodenum(front)
jejunum (middle)
ileum (end)
Signaling the accessory organs - answer - for assistance in digesting
the food
- by hormones
- cells in intestinal wall produce hormones cholecystokinin and
secretin which enter blood stream and signal accessory organs
The liver - answer makes bile
gallbladder - answer stores bile
pancreas - answer makes enzymes for the chemical digestion of
carbs, proteins, and fats
- makes sodium bicarbonate to neutralize stomach acids
, Function of Bile - answer emulsifier
ex) lipase enzyme-bile breaks down fat so it fits in the enzyme to
digest
passive (simple) diffusion (transport) - answer nutrients like water
and lipid byproducts pass freely across membranes via a
concentration gradient
facilitated diffusion (transport) - answer nutrients like water soluble
vitamins diffuse across membranes using a specific/selective
transport proteins
sites of absorption - answer duodenum: many nutrients
jejunum: many nutrients
ileum: only selected nutrients
colon (lg intestine): water
Transportation of Nutrients - answer blood vessels: water soluble
nutrients
lymphatic vessels: fat soluble nutrients
cellular storage - answer short term, intermediate, long term
catabolic reactions - answer breaking down (things get smaller)
involves hydrolysis reactions
- are degrading or destructive in nature
anabolic reactions - answer building up (things get bigger) involves
condensation reactions
- synthesizing or constructive in nature
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