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NR 566 Pharm Midterm Exam review
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NR 566 Pharm Midterm Exam review NR 566 Pharm Midterm Exam review NR 566 Pharm Midterm Exam review
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NR 566 Pharm Midterm Exam reviewCommunity Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) - Common pathogens:
1. Streptococcus pneumonia (gram +)
2. Atypical bacteria (mycoplasma pneumoniae)
3. Viruses (flu, respiratory syncytial virus)
Smokers -> Herophilus influenzae (gram -)
Cystic fibrosis-> pseudomonas aeruginosa (gram -)
First line treatment for Community Acquired Pneumonia give previously in healthy adults. - Oral
amoxicillin, doxycycline, or macrolides
fluoroquinolones have been used, by is discouraged unless the pt has been treated with
antimicrobial agent within 90 days.
Treatment for M. Pneumoniae in pediatric patients - Macrolide or doxycycline
Treatment of CAP in pregnancy - Amoxicillin or amoxicillin/clavulanate plus azithromycin
If someone has been treated with an antibiotic in the previous 90 days of contracting CAP, a _______
would be prudent choice to prescribe. - Quinolone
Treatment for infants with chlamydial pneumonia - erythromycin
azithromycin
doxycycline
broad spectrum antibiotic agents - target wider number of bacteria types, acts on both gram - &
gram + organisms, commonly used for empiric therapy when pathogens is unknown or infection with
multiple types of bacteria. Risk include disruption of normal flora and development of antibiotic
resistance
Narrow spectrum antibiotic agents - effective against a specific bacteria type, used when infecting
pathogen is known, reduces risk to disruption of normal flora and development of antibiotic
resistance, preferred when possible.
, Empiric antibiotic therapy - for critically ill patients receive immediate empiric antibiotics after the
first set of cultures, do not wait for results.
Clostridium difficile associated with diarrhea - Treatment: Macrolide
10 days of PO vancomycin or fidaxomicin (Difcid)
Drug class know to promote development of C.diff - Cephalosporins
Examples: cephalexin, cefoxitin, cefepime, cefotaxime
Penicillin cross sensitivity reactions with which drug class ? - Beta- lactams : cephalosporins
Prescribing to pregnant patients - there are no well controlled studies in pregnant women, there is
no 2nd nor 3rs trimester fetal risk.
Cephalosporins - patient education:
- do not drink with this medication
- promote bleeding, watch our with anticoagulants, NSAIDs , thrombolytics , and antiplatelet
- increased risk for c-diffe diarrhea
- check renal function
Cephalosporins prescribing on pregnant patients - All cephalosporins appear safe for the use of
permanency.
Tetracyclines - Patient education: Should not be administered with calcium supplements, milk
products, iron supplements, magnesium containing laxatives, and antacids.
- Can cause nausea/ vomiting, diarrhea, and esophageal ulceration
-yellow and brown teeth discoloration, hypolasia to of enamel
- Liver and renal alterations
- can increase sensitivity to the skin and cause sun burn, avoid prolonged exposure to sunlight, wear
protective clothes and sun screen
- avoid in pregnant women
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