TEST-BANK FOR- ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY= AN
INTEGRATIVE APPROACH = 4TH EDITION-
MICHAEL MCKINLEY VALERIE O’LOUGHLIN
THERESA BIDLE
biology - ANSWER the study of life
anatomy - ANSWER the study of structure and form
physiology - ANSWER the study of the function of the body parts
atom - ANSWER the smallest particle that displays properties of an element
molecule - ANSWER a chemical structure composed of covalently bonded atoms
organelle - ANSWER complex, organized structures in the cytoplasm of a cell with
unique characteristic shapes; called "little organs"
cell - ANSWER basic structural and functional unit of a living organism
differentiation - ANSWER the specialization of cells to perform specific functions
tissue - ANSWER groups of similar types of cells performing a common function for
the body
organ - ANSWER composed of two or more tissue types that perform a specific
function for the body
organ system - ANSWER a group of organs working together to coordinate and
perform specific functions
organism - ANSWER a living being
homeostasis - ANSWER a consistent internal environment in the body with respect
to various functions and the chemical composition of fluids and tissues
dynamic equilibrium - ANSWER maintenance within a desirable range despite some
fluctuations
negative feedback - ANSWER control mechanism that keeps a variable within
normal levels
positive feedback - ANSWER control mechanism that increases the original change
in a variable
components of a feedback loop - ANSWER stimulus, receptor, set point, integrator,
signal, effector
, anatomic position - ANSWER standing upright, arms at the sides with palms forward
and feet flat on the floor; reference position for naming body regions
supine - ANSWER laying upright
prone - ANSWER laying downward
anterior - ANSWER in front of; toward the front surface
posterior - ANSWER in back of; toward the back surface
ventral - ANSWER toward the belly side of the human body
dorsal - ANSWER toward the back side of the human body
superior - ANSWER closer to the head
inferior - ANSWER closer to the feet
medial - ANSWER toward the midline of the body
lateral - ANSWER away from the midline of the body
proximal - ANSWER closer to the point of attachment to trunk
distal - ANSWER farther away from point of attachment to trunk
deep - ANSWER closer to the inside; internal to another structure
superficial - ANSWER closer to the outside; external to another structure
coronal/frontal plane - ANSWER a vertical plane that divides the body or organ into
anterior (front) and posterior (back) parts
transverse plane - ANSWER a horizontal plane that divides the body or organ into
superior (top) and inferior (bottom) parts
sagittal plane - ANSWER a vertical plane that divides the body or organ into left and
right portions that are not equal
oblique - ANSWER passes through the body at an angle
axial region - ANSWER includes the head, neck, and trunk
appendicular region - ANSWER includes the upper and lower limbs
cephalic - ANSWER head
frontal - ANSWER forehead
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