ATI MedSurg Comprehensive Review QUESTIONS & ANSWERS!!
Diabetic Ketoacidosis - ANSWER - assessment: dehydration, ketosis, metabolic acidosis, hyperglycemia
- admin fast acting insulin that can be effective within 10 min, admin IV
- kussmaul resp
Beta blockers (Propanolol) - ANSWER - monitor: sore throat, vision changes, blurred vision, dry eyes, dry
mouth, abd cramping, colitis, acute pancreatitis
- notify provider: night cough
Factors that affect wound healing - ANSWER - dehydration (UO)
- infection
- BMI <18.5 or >25
- malnutrition (low protein, vita C)
- age
- decreased hgb, tissue perfusion
- wound stress
HIV/AIDS - ANSWER - positive response to treatment monitored by viral load
- risk for infection: do not drink fluids left out for longer than 60 min, clean toothbrush in dishwasher
weekly, avoid fresh produce, check temp daily
- dx test: ELISA confirmed by western blot/IFA, viral load
Fluid replacement - ANSWER - monitor BUN
Cerebrovascular accident - ANSWER - right sided: visual, spatial, proprioception; poor impulse
control/judgment; unilateral neglect
- left sided: language, math, analytical skills
, Preventing UTIs - ANSWER - wipe from front to back
- void after intercourse
- avoid baths
- drink 2-3 L of fluid daily
- cotton underwear
- urinate Q2-4h
Heart failure - ANSWER - monitor daily weight and i/o
- prevention/health promotion: exercise regularly, consume diet low in Na, fluid restrictions, smokin
cessation
- left sided HF r/t hypertension, CAD, angina, MI, valvular disease... decreased systemic perfusion
- right sided HR r/t left sided HF, pulmonary problems, right ventricular MI
- **fluid will be backed up in the system behind the failure (Left in Lungs, right in body)
Esophageal varices - ANSWER - do not strain to have BM
- avoid using table salt to season food
Blood transfusion - ANSWER - prime line with NS
- verify with 2 nurses
- infuse over 2-4 h
- monitor for fluid overload
- hemolytic reaction: back/chest pain, apprehension/impending doom
- allergic reaction: within 24h, bronchospasm, urticaria, anaphylaxis
- graft v host disease: within 14 days, thrombocytopenia, anorexia, nausea, chronic hepatitis, weight loss
- stop transfusion, change line and run NS
Contact precaution - ANSWER - leave equipment in room