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CSET SOCIAL SCIENCE SUBTEST 3 EXAM
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CSET SOCIAL SCIENCE SUBTEST 3 EXAM
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CSET SOCIAL SCIENCE SUBTEST 3 EXAMEvolutionary Theory - ANSWER The state evolved from family. The head of the
family is the government.
Force Theory - ANSWER Government was created when all the people of the area
were bought under the authority of one (by force).
Divine Right Theory - ANSWER The state was created by god. The divine has
chosen people to rule.
Social Contract Theory: Thomas Hobbs - ANSWER In a natural state, no
government exists. People surrender the power to the state to maintain order.
People do not have the right to break the agreement.
Social Contract Theory: John Locke - ANSWER People are naturally endowed with
the right to life, liberty and property. They willingly contract power to government to
protect these rights. People have the right to break this agreement.
John Locke - ANSWER Two treaties of Government: people need government to
maintain social order and cannot live in groups without conflict.
Abraham Lincoln - ANSWER Government should do for the community whatever
they need to promote general welfare - individuals could or would not do on their
own.
Governments purpose - ANSWER Maintain social order, provide public services,
provide national security, and control the economic system.
Economic systems do the following... - ANSWER 1. What and how much should be
produced, 2. How goods and services should be produced. 3. Who gets the goods
and services that are produced.
Capitalism - ANSWER Freedom of choice and individual incentive.
1. Private ownership and control of property and economic resources.
2. Free enterprise
3. Competition among businesses
4. Freedom of choice
5. The possibility of profits
Adam Smith (1776) - ANSWER Buyers and sellers were free to make unlimited
economic decisions in the marketplace. Free enterprise: decisions made by buyers
and sellers
Mixed Market Economies - ANSWER Free enterprise but supported by government
decisions in the marketplace - the structure that the U.S. has today.
Socialism - ANSWER Government owns the basic means of production, decides
how to use resources, distributes products and wages, provides social services.
, 1. Distribution of wealth and economic opportunity equally among people
2. Society's control, through its government, of all major decisions about production
3. Public ownership of most land and factories
Democratic Socialism - ANSWER Works within the democratic system to improve
economic conditions.
Communism - ANSWER No social classes, all property is held in common, and
government is not necessary.
Karl Marx (1818 - 1883) - ANSWER Advocated violent revolution. Bourgeoisie
(production) and workers (proletariat) would eventually collapse because smaller
groups of capitalists would control all means of production.
Command Economy - ANSWER Decisions of the economy are made by upper levels
of government and handed down to managers.
Liberal - ANSWER Government should promote health, education and justice.
Curtail economic freedom to increase equality. Socially - no restrictions to most
individual freedoms.
Conservative - ANSWER Limiting the role of government except in supporting
traditional moral values. Private individuals should solve social problems. Free
market with limits on government intervention.
Moderates - ANSWER Fall between liberals and conservatives.
Libertarians - ANSWER Support both economic and social freedoms.
6 principles of government - ANSWER Popular sovereignty, Federalism, Separation
of powers, Checks and Balances, Judicial Review, and Limited Government.
Popular Sovereignty - ANSWER Rule by the people - the authority of government
comes from the people.
Federalism - ANSWER Power divided between the nation and state governments -
each has their own agencies and officials and pass their own laws.
Separation of Powers - ANSWER 3 branches. Legislative - Congress makes the
laws. Executive - Carries out acts of congress. Judicial - Supreme court.
Checks and Balances - ANSWER Each branch holds some control over the other
two. Pres - veto. Congress - Overturn veto by 2/3 vote. Courts - Rule on
constitutionality of the laws created by congress. Pres - Appoints judges. Congress -
Approves appointments.
Judicial Review - ANSWER Courts can declare laws and actions of government
invalid if they violate the constitution. Constitution and the Supreme Court is the final
authority.
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