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LS 15 PHELAN UCLA FINAL EXAM
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LS 15 PHELAN UCLA FINAL EXAM
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LS 15 PHELAN UCLA FINAL EXAMWhy is the rate and direction of change more important than absolute levels how
does this relate to - ANSWER 50% of all suicides in prison happen in 1st 2 weeks
Extreme depression cuz it's a big change
If they make it thru things improve
Our happiness is relative to our basic feelings
Why are emotions designed to be less permanent than they feel - ANSWER Brain
states that alter your behavior in ways beneficial to your genes
Sitting being happy al the time is not consistent w evolution
Motivate u to do something so u can be motivated again once they reset
Describe 3 lines of evidence to support the idea that emotions are tools used to
motivate our behavior - ANSWER Ex: guilt, jealousy, desire
Guilt motivates you to not be selfish
Desire motivates you to act in a certain way to achieve your goals
Emotions like a lack of happiness can motivate you to take drugs
Sexual jealousy: if u are scared of someone cheating on you, you are going to step
up your game
Using an example describe the interplay between culture and biology - ANSWER
Culture is learning things its tech, education, etc
Ex: all of us have been reproductively mature for a while now, and very few of us
have children. Bio sets us up to be reproductively mature at age 13.
Ex: ppl start having sex at age 16 but birth control prevents them from having kids
You are nudged in certain places but culture decides how you act on these urges
What is the fundamental reproductive equation what does it reveal about culture and
biology - ANSWER Sex = pregnancy = babies = maternal child care = loss of female
economic opportunity = loss of female political power
It's hard to fight biological urges
Sex does not have to equal pregnancy -> rubber
Pregnancy does not have to equal babies -> surgery
Babies do not have to equal maternal child care -> rubber nipples
Maternal childcare does not have to equal loss of female economic opportunity ->
daycare
Loss of female economic opportunity does not have to equal loss of female political
power ->
The cultural idea that the person in power doesn't need to have the most money
basically democracy
There are certain biological constraints on how we r built that unchecked can lead to
undesirable outcomes
Culture can block every step of the fundamental reproductive equation
The invention of vulcanized rubber can stop that equation at 3 dif places
Bio is not an excuse
, Using 2 examples explain what constrained learning is and how it illuminates culture
biology - ANSWER Ex:
It is easier to grasp a language at a younger age compared to learning a language at
age 20 because it is a biological constraint.
Rats could learn to associate certain stimuli and physical conditions but couldn't
learn to associate others
Associate nausea and weird taste
Associate light+noise w electric shock
But could never learn to not drink water
Monkeys could not learn to be scared of flowers, but they were quick to learn to fear
snakes
You can know how to max cardiovascular fitness but it won't work the same for
everyone
Humans are quick to associate bad food with sickness rather than the actual bacteria
that could have caused the sickness thru other ways
What is the EEA? Why is it important for us to be aware of it? - ANSWER The
environment of evolutionary adaptation
A mismatch between EEA and the current environment when outcomes of NS arent
appropriate anymore
Male geese protect the eggs that roll of from a nest often bringing in unwanted items
that resemble the shape of an egg
Our instincts drive us to eat more food than necessary
Our instincts don't drive us to constantly exercise cuz back in the hunter-gatherer
world it would be a better idea to preserve our energy
Teenagers would have kids in the EEA cuz humans had a shorter lifespan so
evolution favored those who grew sexually mature faster. But in today's environment,
it is favorable to get an education and have a baby at a later age.
Why is the EEA sometime different from a populations current environment -
ANSWER Culture
Environments can change rapidly
Natural Selection is slow
Bacteria are more likely to be in their EEA cuz they have a short generation time, so
NS is working relatively faster to their changing environment
Describe 3 examples of species having dif current environment and EEA - ANSWER
Zoo animals are dif than their EEA, they get medicine, no predators
Lab animals get free access to food, have messed up social worlds cuz they are
typically housed individually, protection from pathogens
Moths bump into lamps cuz in their EEA there were no lamps
Flies fly into glass
Squirrels around campus eat food that's left behind
Not an example but: Over 10,000 years of human-dog interaction we let the dogs
breed the traits we like so they are close to their EEA
What does mismatch mean and what are its implications on your instincts -
ANSWER When your EEA is not ur current environment, you can't trust your
instincts cuz they don't correlate to your environment
It's an inappropriate message
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