Nams kafli 5 questions with answers Rated A
Stimulus substitution and sign-tracking
Pavlov (1941): When training a light as a CS for food, noticed that dog may even lick the light - as though conditioning resulted in perceiving the light as edible = sign tracking
Problem with s-s theory
I...
Stimulus-Substitution Theory - answersA theory of classical conditioning that proposes
that the CS acts as a substitute for the US.
Pavlov (1927): Stimulus Substitution Theory
The CS comes to act as a substitute for the US
Ex: Tone + Food pairings - tone being substituted for the food and can elicit salivation.
S-S theory- physiological process - answersFood → Activates food center in cortex →
Activates salivation center
in cortex → Salivation
NS-CS
Light → Activates light center in cortex → Activates food center in cortex →
Activates salivation center in cortex → Salivation
S-R Learning - answersAccording to Hull and Watson
S-R (stimulus-response) model of conditioning, the (NS)
becomes directly associated with the (UR) and therefore
comes to elicit the same response as the UR. For example, when bitten by
a dog, a child directly associates the dog with the pain and fear that were elicited
by the bite and therefore experiences fear when he or she next encounters
the dog.
S-S Learning - answersPromoted by Pavlov(1927)
Stimulus Stimulus
NS US
NS becomes the CS, elicits same response
Stimulus substitution and sign-tracking - answersPavlov (1941): When training a light as
a CS for food, noticed that dog may even lick the light - as though conditioning resulted
in perceiving the light as edible = sign tracking
Problem with s-s theory - answersIF CS acts as the US, THEN CR should be the
same/highly similar to UR
Sometimes, this is not the case - CR and UR are different
Ex: Rat jumps from a shock (US) but freezes to a tone (CS)
Preparatory-Response Theory - answersA theory of classical conditioning that proposes
that the purpose of the CR is to prepare the organism for the presentation of the US.
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