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Nightingale college pathophysiology midterm exam
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Nightingale college pathophysiology midterm exam
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Nightingale college pathophysiology midterm examPathophysiology - ANSWER The study of the underlying changes in body physiology
(molecular, cellular, and organ systems) that result from disease or injury.
neutralization - ANSWER (inactivating or blocking the binding of antigen to
receptors),
Agglutination - ANSWER Clumping of microorganisms or blood cells, typically due to
an antigen-antibody interaction.
Precipitation - ANSWER making a soluble antigen into an insoluble precipitate
During acute acidosis, - ANSWER hydrogen ions accumulate in the ICF and
potassium shifts out of the cell to the ECF, causing hyperkalemia.
Primary hyperaldosteronism - ANSWER is associated with hypokalemia
Insulin secretion - ANSWER helps reduce potassium levels in the cell;
Diuretics - ANSWER would cause hypokalemia
A 19-year-old male presents to his primary care provider reporting restlessness,
muscle cramping, and diarrhea. Lab tests reveal that he is hyperkalemic. Which of
the following could have caused his condition? - ANSWER acidosis
Acidosis - ANSWER excessive acidity of body fluids
restlessness, muscle cramping, and diarrhea
ADH is secreted . - ANSWER when plasma osmolality increases or circulating blood
volume decreases and blood pressure drops
Pathology - ANSWER The investigation of structural alterations in cells, tissues, and
organs, which can help identify the cause of a particular disease.
Aldosterone promotes - ANSWER renal sodium and water reabsorption and
excretion of potassium, thus increasing blood volume.
60-year-old male with a 30-year history of smoking is diagnosed with a hormone-
secreting lung tumor. Further testing indicates that the tumor secretes ADH. Which
of the following assessment findings should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply.)
- ANSWER Confusion
Weakness
Nausea
Muscle twitching
immune-complex-mediated disease - ANSWER Type III hypersensitivity is also
called
, Immune-complex disease can be a systemic reaction, such as - ANSWER serum
sickness, and related to type III reactions.
serum sickness - ANSWER systemic injury initiated by antigen-antibody complexes
that circulate in the blood
When the nurse is teaching the staff about X-linked recessive disorders, which
information should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.) - ANSWER .
The trait is never transmitted from father to son.
The gene can be transmitted through a series of carrier females.
The gene is passed from an affected father to all his daughters.
X-linked recessive disorders - ANSWER color blindness, duchenne muscular
dystrophy, hemophilia
Diagnosis - ANSWER The naming or identification of a disease - is made from an
evaluation of the evidence accumulated from the presenting signs and symptoms,
health and medical history, physical examination, laboratory tests, and imaging.
A key feature of Huntington disease is - ANSWER its delayed age of onset such that
symptoms are not seen until 40 years of age or later.
A 2 year old swallowed watch batteries. Following ingestion, kidney function was
impaired, and the heart began to fail. Which of the following was the most likely
cause? - ANSWER Coagulative necrosis
Coagulative necrosis - ANSWER loss of nucleus but cell shape and organ structures
are preserved by coagulation of proteins. In other words, necrotic tissue that remains
firm.
Most causes of encephalitis are - ANSWER viral, not bacterial, fungal, or toxoid.
myelomeningocele - ANSWER is a hernial protrusion of a sac-like cyst (containing
meninges, spinal fluid, and a portion of the spinal cord with its nerves) through a
defect in the posterior arch of a vertebra in the lower spine.
The most common cause of bacterial meningitis in children - ANSWER under 4 is
Neisseria meningitidis
Dandy Walker - ANSWER The malformation is a congenital defect of the cerebellum
characterized by a large posterior fossa cyst, which communicates with the fourth
ventricle, and an atrophic upwardly rotated cerebellar vermis.
congenital hydrocephalus - ANSWER Congenital hydrocephalus is characterized by
enlargement of the cerebral ventricles.
acute acidosis - ANSWER restlessness, muscle cramping, and diarrhea. Lab tests
reveal that he is hyperkalemic. hydrogen ions accumulate in the ICF and potassium
shifts out of the cell to the ECF, causing hyperkalemia
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