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Psychological Science
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Psychological Science, 7th Edition TEST BANK by MichaelGazzaniga, Elizabeth A. Phelps
Psychology is the science of _______. - ANSWER:behavior and mental processes
The scientific method has been applied to psychological issues for about the last
_______ years. - ANSWER:100
A specific, testable prediction about a phenomenon, usually derived from a theory, is
a _______. - ANSWER:hypothesis
The basic atoms or units of experience and their combinations were the foundation
of _______. - ANSWER:structuralism
Consciousness as a continuous flow is an important concept to _______. -
ANSWER:functionalism
Freud's theories differed radically from the views of American psychologists of the
time because of _______. - ANSWER:the emphasis it placed on unconscious
processes
The idea that psychology should be based only on observable, measurable behaviors
is central to _______. - ANSWER:behaviorism
Gestalt theory emphasizes _______. - ANSWER:our tendency to see patterns
The scientific study of the ways in which people perceive, interpret, store, and
retrieve information is central to _______ psychology. - ANSWER:cognitive
Research that observes behavior in its actual setting without controlling anything is
called _______. - ANSWER:naturalistic observation
The _______ is a detailed description and analysis of a single individual or a few
individuals and may include a variety of information gathering methods. -
ANSWER:case study method
The degree of relationship between two or more variables is _______. -
ANSWER:correlation
The only research method that can demonstrate a cause-and-effect relationship
between variables is the _______ method. - ANSWER:experimental
A research manipulates the _______ variable to see how it affects a second variable.
- ANSWER:independent
, A sample carefully chosen so that the characteristics of the subjects correspond
closely to the characteristics of the general population is known as a _______
sample. - ANSWER:representative
Subjects in Milgram's studies were told they were taking part in studies on _______,
but were really being tested on _______. - ANSWER:learning; obedience
Milgram's studies on obedience raised significant controversy regarding _______. -
ANSWER:ethics and the use of deception in research
Which of the following mental health professionals is the only one who can prescribe
medicine? - ANSWER:psychiatrist
Critical thinking involves: - ANSWER:examining evidence, considering alternatives,
and analyzing assumptions
Wundt used the term _______ to convey the concept of attention as a selective
process actively controlled by intentions and motives. - ANSWER:voluntarism
Genetic or evolutionary influences were largely unexplored in the psychology of the
1960s. Rather, behaviors were explained as a result of learning and experience. This
tendency is conveyed by the term _______. - ANSWER:experimental bias
Susan gives students a word list to memorize, then she tests the number of words
remembered from the list and how long the students retain certain words in
memory. Susan is most likely a _______ psychologist. - ANSWER:cognitive
What is true about women in psychology? - ANSWER:The number of women
enrolled in psychology graduate programs has increased steadily over the last 50
years; Women receive approximately 75% of the bachelor's degrees awarded in
psychology; The absence of females in the early years of psychology may reflect a
larger problem - the inattention to human diversity.
What are the supports for including studies on human diversity in the field of
psychology? - ANSWER:It is important to recognize and understand the similarities
and differences found in people of diverse backgrounds; Interpersonal tensions such
as prejudice and conflict may be better understood; Comprehension of human
diversity may lead to appreciation of different values, behaviors, and approaches to
situations used by others.
_______ is baed on genetic similarity while _______ is based on cultural
characteristics. - ANSWER:Race; ethnicity
The science of _______ focuses on observable behavior only; it must be directly seen
to be measured. - ANSWER:behaviorism
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