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NUR2474 Pharmacology Exam 2: Questions/Solutions
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NUR2474 Pharmacology Exam 2: Questions/Solutions
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NUR2474 Pharmacology Exam 2: Questions/SolutionsWhat do we want our ratio for cholesterol to be Right Ans - 3:1 LDL: HDL
2:1 is more ideal, when it is 6:1 or 5:1 is when we start to medicate
How does cholestyramine work? Right Ans - for elevated cholesterol.
It is a bile sequestrant (bile is made with cholesterol), so it binds to bile acids
and prevents them from being reabsorbed/reused and accelerates their
excretion. Therefore liver needs to make more using LDLs-the liver increases
number of LDL receptors, increasing the LDL uptake (which decreases LDL
plasma levels)
What other labs will be needed when taking statins/HMG-COA inhibitors
Right Ans - besides cholesterol and triglycerides, liver enzymes must me
checked.
What can happen if patient takes cholestyramine without dilution? Right
Ans - it is like a cement and can lead to erosion in throat or GI tract.
must mix with 4 oz of fluid/soup/applesauce
8 oz is more ideal
How are colesevelam and cholestyramine different? Right Ans -
Cholestyramine can affect absorption of fat soluble vitamins. frequently
causes constipation, abdominal discomfort and bloating
Colesevelam does not affect absorption of the fat-soluble vitamins, minimal
effects on other drugs, better tolerated. Can lower blood sugar-great for type 2
diabetes, but not type 1!
How long do statins take to start working? Right Ans - 2-4 weeks to start
seeing affects
What time of day should a patient take statins? Right Ans - evening on an
empty stomach is best
Dietary restrictions with statins? Right Ans - avoid grapefruit-can increase
risk of rhabdomyolysis
What drugs can be used for hyptertension? Right Ans - ACE inhibitors
, CCBs
Beta blockers
Diuretics
alpha blockers
ARBs
DRIs
What problems are caused by untreated HTN? Right Ans - stroke, heart
attack, plaque, kidney injury/problems, heart failure
how does plaque form Right Ans - HTN causes fissures in arteries,
macrophages enter that bind with LDLs, platelets and debris adhere, plaque
grows, impedes blood flow
How is dilutional hyponatremia different from diuretic induced hyponatremia
Right Ans - Dilutional hyponatremia= too much water (diluted), so sodium is
low
Diuretic induced hyponatremia= the diuretic causes sodium and water loss,
too much sodium has been lost. can also be dehydrated.
What can dehydration present like? Right Ans - poor skin turgor, decreased
blood pressure, tachycardia, increased thirst
What is a common side effect of furosemide (Lasix) Right Ans - orthostatic
hypotension
if a patient's potassium is 2.8 mEq/L, can furosemide be given? Right Ans -
NO! K+ normal range is 3.5-5, they are too low
furosemide is a loop diuretic-sodium, potassium and water will be excreted.
If a patient's potassium level is 5.7 mEq/L, which medication will the nurse
hold Furosemide or Spironolactone? Right Ans - Spironolactone, it is a K+
sparing diuretic, their K+ is high
if a patient's potassium level is 5.3 mEq/L, can furosemide be given? Right
Ans - Yes, their potassium level is elevated, furosemide will cause it to lower,
which is fine
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