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BNKN602 Exam Questions and Correct Answers | Latest Update
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Autonomic dysreflexia patho ~~>Autonomic dysreflexia occurs in people with spinal cord injury at or above T6. 1) A noxious stimulant below the level of injury occurs, this stimulant could be a distended bladder or bowel, an ingrown toenail, kinked catheter. 2) This results in a extreme...

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  • September 10, 2024
  • 47
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers

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  • bnkn602 exam questions and correct answers late
  • autonomic dysreflexia patho autonomic dysrefl

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1 | P a g e | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+




BNKN602 Exam Questions and Correct
Answers | Latest Update
Autonomic dysreflexia patho


✓ ~~>Autonomic dysreflexia occurs in people with spinal cord injury at or

above T6.

1) A noxious stimulant below the level of injury occurs, this stimulant could be

a distended bladder or bowel, an ingrown toenail, kinked catheter.


2) This results in a extreme sympathetic response causing widespread

vasoconstriction


3) The vasoconstriction of the blood vessels cause a rapidly increasing blood

pressure


4) The brain is signaled by baroreceptors about the bodies hypertensive crisis

and in an attempt to lower the blood pressure, the heart rate is decreased

and the person can become bradycardic


5) inhibitory signals are unable to pass below the injury from being

transmitted further down the spinal cord.


If noxious stimulant is not removed, it can result in significant complications

such as stroke, seizures, myocardial ischemia or death.




Common causes of autonomic dysreflexia




Master01 | September, 2024/2025 | Latest update

, 2 | P a g e | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+


✓ ~~>Urinary retention

Over distended bladder or bowel


Pressure ulcers


Kidney stones


Ingrown toenail




Interventions for autonomic dysreflexia


✓ ~~>• Put the person into sitting position 90◦ to help lower the BP

• Assess for the probable cause and remove


• Continue to assess vital signs (Q2-3min BP)


• Administer GTN as prescribed if SBP > 150mmHg (short acting anti-

hypertensive medications only) • Loosen clothing




Cushing's triad


✓ ~~>Signs of increased intracranial pressure:

1. hypertension


2. bradycardia


3. irregular respirations




Symptoms of a stroke


Master01 | September, 2024/2025 | Latest update

, 3 | P a g e | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+


✓ ~~>Face--Sudden weakness and/or numbness of face,

Arms--Sudden weakness of the arm (and/or leg)


Speech--Difficulty speaking, words jumbled, or lost voice




Interventions for a stroke


✓ ~~>• To monitor for further neurological deterioration and maintain

patient safety

• Maintain head of bed 30◦


• Maintain systolic blood pressure within prescribed parameters (often <

180mmHg)


• Continuous neurological observations


• Ensure correct positioning of paralysed limbs


• Ensure patient is kept NBM until swallow is assessed by Speech and

Language Therapist


• Administer prescribed aspirin orally or enterally


• Turn the patient regularly




Prolonged hypertension results in


✓ ~~>Permanent damage to the arterial walls




Master01 | September, 2024/2025 | Latest update

, 4 | P a g e | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+


Ischaemic heart disease


✓ ~~>A chronic disease caused by insufficient blood supply (thus O2) to

the heart muscles via the coronary arteries typically resulting from

Atherosclerosis.




Ischaemic heart disease- Interventions


✓ ~~>-Monitor BP

-Encourage low fat, high protein diet




Angina


✓ ~~>chest pain due to obstruction of a major coronary artery resulting in

decreased oxygen supply




Myocardial infarction- signs and symptoms


✓ ~~>-Chest pain - may radiate down arm

-shortness of breath


-diaphoresis (sweating)


-Palpitations


-Increased Jugular venous distention if MI has caused HF


-Weak thready pulse




Master01 | September, 2024/2025 | Latest update

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