Chapter 12 Anthropology Homework Question and answers
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Chapter 12 Anthropology Homework Question and answers
What is the key to Wallace's definition of religion?
Wallace focuses on beliefs and rituals concerned with supernatural beings, powers, and forces.
For _____, the "sacred" was a domain set off from the ordinary, or the mundane (profane)...
Chapter 12 Anthropology Homework
Question and answers
What is the key to Wallace's definition of religion? - answer Wallace focuses on
beliefs and rituals concerned with supernatural beings, powers, and forces.
For _____, the "sacred" was a domain set off from the ordinary, or the mundane
(profane). - answer Durkheim
What is the term for the earliest form of religion, a belief in spiritual beings or souls
found in all things? - answer animism
Who asserted that the basic building block of all religious thought and ritual was a belief
in the soul? - answer Sir Edward Burnett Tylor
What is the term for a type of religion that worships multiple gods? - answer
polytheism
Who offered a definition of religion that focused on belief and ritual concerned with
supernatural forces and beings? - answer Anthony Wallace
Which of the following statements best summarizes how Durkheim's approach to
religion differed from that taken by Wallace? - answer Durkheim stressed the
collective, social, and shared nature of religion, the meanings it embodies, and the
emotions it generates.
What is animism? - answer a belief in spiritual beings; the earliest form of religion,
according to Tylor
The concept of mana is used to explain - answer why some people seem to be more
fortunate than others.
What did Sir E. B. Tylor suggest was the origin of religion? - answer dreaming, sleep,
and trance, which led to a belief in souls
What was the original Polynesian concept of taboo? - answer a sacred power
attached to chiefs and nobles that is so powerful that it could be dangerous to ordinary
people
What are the evolutionary stages of religion proposed by Tylor, listed in order from the
simplest and earliest to the most complex? - answer animism, polytheism, and
monotheism
, What is mana? - answer an impersonal supernatural power that may reside in
people, animals, plants, and objects—like our modern notion of luck
Ordinary Polynesians had to undergo purification rites if they were accidentally exposed
to nobility or nobles' possessions. This was because those persons and possessions
were ______, or sacred and forbidden. - answer taboo
Which of the following statements best describes magic? - answer techniques used
to manipulate the supernatural for specific purposes
When a person is especially careful with his or her nail clippings or hair because of a
fear that they might be used by a practitioner of magic, that person most likely believes
in - answer contagious magic.
Who explained the use of magic by stressing the psychological function it serves to
reduce anxiety in situations when outcomes are beyond human control? - answer
Malinowski
The organized, repetitive performance of word sequences or actions conducted in
sacred public places intended to influence spiritual powers are called - answer
rituals.
What term refers to the manipulation of the supernatural to accomplish specific goals? -
answer magic
Rites of passage - answer are ceremonies associated with changes in status that
members of a community normally pass through.
What are induction into the U.S. Marine Corps and the vision quest of certain North
American Indian societies both examples of? - answer rites of passage
What is the concept based on the idea of "like produces like"? For example, one might
use a picture of someone to control the person and draw lines representing stitches
across the mouth to keep the person from telling a secret. - answer imitative magic
The tradition of hazing that takes place in fraternities or sports teams in which recruits
are forced to perform certain acts or endure insults can be classified as - answer a
rite of passage.
Which statement best explains Malinowski's focus in his study of the traditional magical
practices of the Trobriand Islanders? - answer Malinowski believed that magical
techniques can dispel doubts that arise when outcomes are beyond human control.
Which of the following strings of words best describe the necessary features of a ritual?
- answer formal, repetitive, stylized, stereotyped, social, and performed in special
places
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