OB Exam 1 NR 307 exam with complete
solutions
Teenager Nutrition - ANSWER- Teens partake in: - increased fast food, sodium
- decreased fiber & nutrient rich foods
- meal skipping, eating disorders
- lack of family support and problem solving skills
Optimal diet before and during pregnancy - ANSWER- BEFORE
- healthy weight within 15 lbs of ideal body weight prior to conception
- NO weight reduction during pregnancy
- nutrient dense foods & beverages
DURING
- women with a healthy weight should gain 2-4 lbs in first trimester and 3-4
lbs/month or 1lb/week in 2nd and 3rd trimester
- underweight women need to gain 1 lb/week in second and third trimester
- women who are overweight should gain about 0.66 lb/week
Weight gain recommendations during pregnancy for single baby - ANSWER- -
Ideal body weight (BMI 18.5-24.9) gain 25-35 lbs
- under weight (BMI <18.5) gain 28-40 lbs
- over weight (BMI 25-29.9) gain 15-25 lbs
- obese (BMI >30) gain 11-20 lbs
Pregnancy caloric intake - ANSWER- - calorie requirements do not increase until
second trimester
- during second trimester, normal weight women need an extra 340 cal/day
- third trimester normal weight women need extra 450 cal/day
- most pregnant women need total of 2,200-2,900 cals/day
Nutrients (vitamins and minerals) Intake while pregnant - ANSWER- PROTEIN
-71 g protein/day
- do NOT take protein supps.
,IRON
- 27 mg/day
- anemic women need up to 60mg/day
- sources of Fe: whole wheat/whole grains, dark leafy greens, dried fruits,
legumes
CALCIUM
- good sources: yogurt, almonds, milk, cheese
- soy & reg milk good; coconut milk not good source
FOLATE
- need 0.4mg/day or 400 mcg/day PRIOR to pregnancy
- need 600-800 mcg DURING pregnancy
- sources: beans, fruits, enriches grains, water soluble vitamin
- folate reduces the chance of neural tube defects (spina bifida)
Foods to avoid during pregnancy - ANSWER- - artificial sweeteners with
aspartame
- unsaturated fats
- excessive sodium
- no alcohol
- limit caffeine to 200mg/day
- Mercury containing seafood: shark, sword fish, king mackerel, tile fish, big-eyed
tuna
- limit seafood to 12oz/week and limit albacore to 6oz/week
Pica - ANSWER- compulsive eating of non-food substances such as clay or ice
how to avoid listeria - ANSWER- -use pasteurized foods, avoid raw/undercooked
meats, avoid certain cheeses, heat leftovers completely, prepare and store food
safely
- Listeria may cause miscarriage in first trimester, premature labor, infant with a
LBW, or fetal infections
- avoid hot dogs, lunch meats, soft cheeses like feta, refrigerated smoked
seafood
Toxoplasmosis - ANSWER- a parasite that is most commonly transmitted from
pets to humans by contact with contaminated animal feces (cat litter box),
raw/undercooked food, or contaminated water
, heart burn and constipation prevention - ANSWER- Heartburn- sit up after meals,
avoid spicy foods
Constipation- exercise, add more fiber to diet, avoid dairy
morning sickness - ANSWER- - Nausea/vomiting during the first few months of
pregnancy due to increased estrogen and progesterone
- Typically goes away after the first trimester but in some cases may last months
or the whole pregnancy
- Usually does not harm fetus unless mother is unable to keep anything down
causing weight loss. Also interferes with day to day life
- Hyperemesis Gravidarum: most severe form of nausea and vomiting during
pregnancy. Treatment is crucial to replenish body from dehydration.
Hospitalization is sometimes needed
- Nutritional advice to help with morning sickness: dry starchy foods, avoid
excessive fluids in morning; drink later in day, eat small frequent meals, avoid
sudden movement in the morning; rise slowly, get fresh air/exercise, avoid spicy
food, try ginger-ale, eat more carbs and less fried and fatty foods
standard of care - ANSWER- the minimum level of competent care that a prudent
nurse would provide
high risk pregnancy - ANSWER- Life or health of a mother and/or offspring is
jeopardized or threatened
- 500,000 high risk births out of 4 million yearly
- high risk examples: teen pregnancy, geriatric pregnancy (35+)
Teen pregnancy complications - ANSWER- - increased risk of still birth
- LBW (<5 lbs 8 oz aka 5.5 lbs or 2500 grams)
- VLBW (3.3 lbs or 1500 grams)
- increased risk of prematurity
- increased risk of birth trauma
maternal mortality rate - ANSWER- number of maternal deaths from start of
pregnancy through 6 weeks after delivery (42 days) per 100,000 live births
- Maternal mortality risk factors: age, lack of prenatal care, low education,
unmarried, non-caucasian
US maternal death causes
1. HTN
2. PE
3. hemorrhage
