Exam (elaborations)
Exam (elaborations) McCance & Huether’s Pathophysiology
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Test Bank For McCance & Huether’sPathophysiology, 9th - 2024 All
Chapters - 9780323789875
,It is true that a eukaryotic cell
A. is smaller than a prokaryotic cell.
B. contains structures called organelles.
C. lacks a well-defined nucleus.
D. does not contain histones. - CORRECT ANSWERS-B. Contains structures called
organelles.
Eukaryotic cells contain organelles and histones, they have a well-defined nucleus, and
are larger than prokaryotic cells.
Ch01.1
The function of a histone found in a eukaryote cell focuses on cellular
A. division.
B. movement.
C. activities.
D. deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) folding. - CORRECT ANSWERS-D. deoxyribonucleic
acid (DNA) folding.
The histones are binding proteins that cause the supercoiling of DNA into chromosomes
and do not affect cellular division, movement, or activities.
Ch01.2
An organelle that is responsible for the metabolism of cellular energy is referred to as
a/an
A. Golgi complex.
B. mitochondrion.
C. endoplasmic reticulum.
D. nucleolus. - CORRECT ANSWERS-B. mitochondrion
Mitochondria play a role in cellular metabolism, cellular respiration, and energy
production. The Golgi complex is responsible for processing and packaging proteins
from the endoplasmic reticulum, where they are synthesized. The nucleolus is a small,
,dense structure that contains the ribonucleic acid (RNA), DNA, and DNA-binding
proteins.
Ch01.3
Which statement best describes a desmosome?
A. A desmosome is a barrier to diffusion.
B. Desmosomes hold cells together by continuous bands.
C. A desmosome is a communicating tunnel.
D. Desmosomes function as a zona occludens. - CORRECT ANSWERS-B.
Desmosomes hold cells together by continuous bands.
The desmosome is a type of cell junction. The other two types include tight junctions
and gap junctions. Desmosomes hold cells together by forming a continuous band of
epithelial tissue or belt (or button-like) points of contact. They are also a source of
structural stability. Tight junctions serve as barriers to diffusion and prevent the
movement of substances through transport proteins. Gap junctions are clusters of
communicating tunnels.
Ch01.4
Which statement describes the function of a second messenger?
A. Binds with membrane-bound receptors via a ligand
B. Triggers a cascade of intracellular events
C. Opens specific channels in the cell membrane
D. Blocks a membrane-bound receptor signal - CORRECT ANSWERS-B. Triggers a
cascade of intracellular events
The binding of a ligand to a cell surface receptor triggers the activation of intracellular
second messengers. Second messengers activate signal transduction pathways in the
cell that can initiate different intracellular events. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate
(cAMP) and calcium (Ca++) are the two major second-messenger pathways. First
messengers are the extracellular ligands that bind to cell surface receptors. Binding of
first messengers can result in the opening or closing of specific cell membrane channels
or the activation of second messengers.
Ch01.5
Which statement is correct regarding cellular energy?
A. Glycolysis is the building of sugar molecules.
B. Oxidative cellular metabolism is a single reaction making adenosine triphosphate
(ATP).
C. Oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the mitochondria.
D. Anaerobic glycolysis occurs in the presence of oxygen. - CORRECT ANSWERS-C.
Oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the mitochondria.
, Oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the mitochondria. This is the mechanism by which
the energy produced from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins is transferred to ATP.
Glycolysis is a process that breaks down glucose molecules; it produces a net of two
ATP molecules. Oxidation is a process during which a pair of electrons are removed
and transferred. Oxidative cellular metabolism involves 10 biochemical reactions.
Anaerobic glycolysis occurs in the absence of oxygen. Aerobic means in the presence
of oxygen.
Ch01.6
Movement of a solute molecule from an area of high concentration to an area of low
concentration is called
A. diffusion.
B. filtration.
C. osmosis.
D. hydrostatic pressure. - CORRECT ANSWERS-A. diffusion.
Diffusion is the movement of a solute from an area of high concentration to an area of
low concentration. Osmosis is the movement of water down a concentration gradient
from an area of higher water concentration to an area of lower water concentration.
Filtration is the movement of water and solute through a membrane because of a
greater pushing pressure on one side of the membrane than the other. Hydrostatic
pressure is the mechanical force of water pushing against a cell membrane.
Ch01.7
Which is an example of an energy-releasing process?
A. Anabolism
B. Catabolism
C. Substrate-induced reaction
D. Second messenger system - CORRECT ANSWERS-B. Catabolism
Catabolism is an energy-releasing process. The energy-using process is anabolism. A
substrate is a specific substance that is converted to a product in the reaction. A second
messenger is a "pass-it-on signal." This occurs when a first messenger activates a
receptor that then triggers a pass-it-on signal.
Ch01.8
Which describes an amphipathic molecule?
A. It is permeable to water only.
B. It is a nonpolar molecule.
C. It is both hydrophobic and hydrophilic.
D. It is a one-layered structure. - CORRECT ANSWERS-C. It is both hydrophobic and
hydrophilic.
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