IB Psychology Cognitive ATB Studies
UPDATED Exam Questions and
CORRECT Answers
Peterson and Peterson (1959) - Correct Answer- Lab experiment
24 participants
Had to recall trigrams (meaningless 3-consonant combo)
To prevent recall, participants were given a distraction task where they had to ...
IB Psychology Cognitive ATB Studies
UPDATED Exam Questions and
CORRECT Answers
Peterson and Peterson (1959) - Correct Answer- Lab experiment
24 participants
Had to recall trigrams (meaningless 3-consonant combo)
To prevent recall, participants were given a distraction task where they had to count
backwards from a specified number in 3s or 4s. This distraction task varied in intervals (3, 6,
9, 12, 15, or 18 seconds)
Results:
The longer the delay, the less trigrams were recalled
80% of trigrams were recalled after a 3 second delay
Less than 10% were recalled after an 18 second delay
Conclusions:
Showed that the longer it takes to recall, less was retained
The distraction task served to prevent rehearsal in order to stop encoding
Glanzer and Cunitz (1966) - Correct Answer- A: tested the hypothesis that short term memory
and long term memory are two separate stores in a free recall experiment
P: 240 army enlisted men presented with a list of 15 words to memorize
2 main variables
-presentation rate
-repetition of items on list
Experiment 1
, -Tried to change shape of serial position curve by affecting the efficiency of LTM- Should
increase primacy effect
5 main experimental treatments by 2 variables
-spacing- single (3 sec), double (6 sec), and triple (9 sec)
-number of presentation (repetition of items)
Results:
More spacing increased primacy effect
-longer spacing--> increases memory
-Allows more time for rehearsal
Experiment 2
-Tried to change recency effect
Variables
-Free recall
-Delayed recall with distraction task
Results: The longer the recall was delayed, the worse recency effect was
F: P's recalled primacy and recency of list better,- serial reproduction curve
C: primacy words stored differently to recency words, so separate memory stores
E: well controlled, all male participants of 1 profession, lacks ecological validity- not
everyday memorization
SO: provides evidence for the MSM, both for IFR and DFR: primacy effect shows LTS and
recency effect shows STS
Craik and Tulving (1975) - Correct Answer- Aim: to investigate how deep and shallow
processing affects memory
20 college students present with a list of 60 words, one at a time, then asked one of three
questions that required different depths of processing
shallow/structural - word in all caps or lowercase?
auditory/phonemic - does it rhyme with weight?
semantic - does it fit into the sentence?
then given a list of 180 words and asked to identify which they had been shown
Shallow - 18%
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