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Research Methods in Psychology Core Concepts and Skills V
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Research Methods in Psychology Core Concepts and Skills V
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Research Methods in Psychology Core Concepts andSkills V.1.0 by Paul C. Price - Test Bank
what are the 4 types of experiments - ANSWER lab
field
natural
quasi
evaluation of lab experiments (causation) - ANSWER by controlling all variables,
researchers are able to establish cause and effect between manipulation in the IV
and the difference in the DV due to standardisation
define lab experiment - ANSWER an experiment that takes place in a controlled
environment the researcher manipulates the IV and records the effect on the DV
evaluation of lab experiments (lack of ecological validity) - ANSWER findings from
the lab study can not be applied to a range of real world situations because they fail
to represent everyday behaviours
pp's may also alter their behaviour to demand characteristics to match the aim of the
study
define field experiment - ANSWER an experiment that takes place in a natural
setting to avoid artificiality. the researcher manipulates the IV and records the effect
on the DV
evaluation of field experiments (high ecological validity) - ANSWER pp's behave
more naturally in their normal environment, making it more likely any behaviour
observed can be applied to other natural settings
also likely to have mundane realism
evaluation of field experiments (extraneous variables) - ANSWER field experiments
lack control over extraneous variables that could influence the DV, therefore the
ability to assume the IV had a direct influence on the DV Is reduced
define natural experiment - ANSWER a study that uses a naturally occurring IV and
the researcher measures the change in the DV
evaluation of natural experiments (high external validity) - ANSWER natural
experiments are an example of real behaviour occurring in the real world, free of
demand characteristics
evaluation of natural experiments (lack of replicability) - ANSWER natural
experiments are influenced by extraneous variables, and due to a lack of control
over them, the study lacks replicability, thus reliability cant be tested
, define quasi experiment - ANSWER an experiment where the IV is naturally
occurring (innate) and the DV is measured
evaluation of quasi experiments (high external validity) - ANSWER they often
involve real-world studies of pre existing characteristics instead of artificial laboratory
settings
evaluation of quasi experiments (confounding variables) - ANSWER there may be
variables influences both the dependent variable and independent variable making it
difficult to establish cause and effect
define an observation - ANSWER researcher watches and record behaviour of pp's
what are the types of observational techniques - ANSWER natural
controlled
overt
covert
participant
non-participant
define a controlled observation - ANSWER aspects of the environment are
controlled to give all pp's the same experience. often conducted in a lab
give an example of a controlled observation - ANSWER ainsworth's strange
situation
evaluation of a controlled observation (standardisation) - ANSWER controlling the
environment gives all pp's the same experience and also reduces the chance that
extraneous variables are responsible for observed behaviour, increasing reliability
define naturalistic observation - ANSWER observing and recording behaviour in
naturally occurring situations without manipulation. eg, school and home
evaluation of a controlled observation (artificial) - ANSWER because controlled
observations are done in a lab, they lack mundane realism, due to it not being
representative of real life. this may result in DC and unnatural behaviour
give an example of a naturalistic observation - ANSWER Schaffer and Emerson in
Glasgow
evaluation of naturalistic observations (high realism) - ANSWER pp's are more
likely to behave naturally and not artificially which increases generalisability to other
natural environments
evaluation of naturalistic observations (extraneous variables) - ANSWER
uncontrolled extraneous baubles means that other variables may be responsible for
the behaviour resulting In lower internal validity
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