TEST BANK For Phillips’s Manual of I.V. Therapeutics;
Evidence-Based Practice for Infusion Therapy 8th
Edition Lisa Gorski,
Acidosis - ANSWER An actual or relative increase in the acidity of blood due to an
accumulation of acids or an excessive loss of bicarbonate; Blood pH below normal
(<7.35)
Active transport - ANSWER The process by which a cell membrane moves
molecules against a concentration or electrochemical gradient. Metabolic work is
required
Alkalosis - ANSWER An actual or relative increase in blood alkalinity due to an
accumulation of alkalis or a reduction of acids in the blood; blood pH above normal
(>7.45)
Anion - ANSWER Negatively charged electrolyte
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) - ANSWER A hormone secreted from the pituitary
mechanism that causes the kidney to conserve water; sometimes referred to as the
"water-conserving hormone"
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) - ANSWER A cardiac hormone that is released
when the atria are stretched by high blood volume.
Body fluid - ANSWER Body of water in which electrolytes are dissolved
Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) - ANSWER A cardiac hormone that is released
when the ventricles are stretched by high blood volume. These levels are used in
evaluation of heart failure.
Cation - ANSWER Positively charged electrolyte
Chvostek's Sign - ANSWER A sign elicited by tapping the facial nerve about 2 cm
anterior of the ear lobe, just below the zygomatic process; the response is a spasm
of the muscles supplied by the facial nerve
Diffusion - ANSWER The movement of a substance from a region of high
concentration to a region of low concentration
Extracellular fluid (ECF) - ANSWER Body fluid located outside the cells
Filtration - ANSWER The process of passing fluid through a filter using pressure
Fingerprinting edema - ANSWER A condition in which imprints are made on the
hands, sternum, or forehead when the area is pressed firmly by the fingers.
,Fluid Volume Deficit (FVD) - ANSWER A fluid deficiency; hypovolemia; an equal
proportion of loss of water and electrolytes from the body
Fluid Volume Excess (FVE) - ANSWER the state of exceeding normal fluid levels;
hypervolemia, retention of both water and sodium in similar proportions to normal
ECF
Homeostasis - ANSWER The state of dynamic equilibrium of the internal
environment of the body that is maintained by he ever-changing processes of
feedback and regulation in response to external or internal changes
Hypertonic - ANSWER Having a concentration greater that than the normal tonicity
of plasma; solution of higher osmotic concentration than that of an isotonic solution;
>375 mOsm/L
Hypotonic - ANSWER Having a concentration less than the normal tonicity of
plasma; solution of lower osmotic concentration than that of an isotonic solution
<250 mOsm/L
Insensible loss - ANSWER Fluid loss that is not perceptible of the individual; non-
visible form of water loss that is difficult to measure (e.i perspiration)
Interstitial fluid - ANSWER Body fluid between cells
Intracellular fluid (ICF) - ANSWER Body fluid inside the cells
intravascular fluid - ANSWER The fluid portion of blood plasma
Isotonic - ANSWER Having an osmotic pressure equal to that of blood; equivalent
osmotic pressure; between 250 and 375 mOsm/L
Licensed independent practitioner (LIP) - ANSWER An individual permitted by law
to provide care and services without direction or supervision within the scope of the
individual's granted clinical privileges, licenses, and organizational polices
Oncotic pressure - ANSWER The osmotic pressure exerted by colloids (proteins),
as when albumin exerts oncotic pressure within the blood vessels and helps to hold
the water content of the blood in the intravascular compartment
Osmolality - ANSWER The number of milliosmoles per kilogram of solvent
Osmolarity - ANSWER The number of milliosmoles per liter of solution
Osmosis - ANSWER The movement of water from a lower concentration to a higher
concentration across a semipermeable membrane
pH - ANSWER A measure of hydrogen ion (H+) concentration; the degree of acidity
or alkalinity of a substance
, Sensible loss - ANSWER Output that is measurable (e.i Urine)
Solute - ANSWER the substance that is dissolved in a liquid to form a solution
Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH) - ANSWER A condition in
which excessive ADH is secreted, resulting in hyponatremia
Tetany - ANSWER Continuous tonic spasm of a muscle
Trousseau's sign - ANSWER A spasm of the hand elicited when the blood supply to
the hand is decreased or the nerves of the hand are stimulated by pressure; elicited
within several minutes by applying a blood pressure (BP) cuff inflated above systolic
pressure
D - ANSWER Energy expenditure must take place for electrolytes to move from an
area of low to high concentration. This is called:
a. Diffusion
b. Osmosis
c. Filtration
d. Active transport
A - ANSWER You have just completed a physical assessment of a 68-year-old
man. He knows who he is but is unsure of where he is (previous orientation normal).
His eyes are sunken, his mouth is coated with an extra longitudinal furrow, and his
lips are cracked. Hand vein filling takes more than 5 seconds, and tenting of the skin
appears over the sternum. His vital signs are BP 128/60 mm Hg, pulse 78, and
respiratory rate 16 (previously 150/78, 76, 16, respectively). Your assessment would
lead you to suspect:
a. Fluid volume deficit
b. Hyponatremia
c. Fluid volume excess
d. Hypernatremia
C - ANSWER Which of the following laboratory values is consistent with fluid
volume deficit?
a. Urine specific gravity 1.005
b. BUN 6 mg/100 mL
c. Hematocrit 55%
d. Glucose 120 mg/dL
D - ANSWER Which of the following could be the etiology for a nursing diagnosis of
fluid volume excess?
a. Third spacing of fluid
b. GI losses
c. Diagnosis of diabetes
d. Diagnosis of heart failure
B - ANSWER The most abundant cation of the extracellular fluid is
a. Potassium
b. Sodium
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