Honors Biology Evolution Review Questions and Answers
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Course
Honors Biology
Institution
Honors Biology
Adaption Inherited characteristic that improves an organism's ability to survive and reproduce in a particular environment
Natural Selection Process by which individuals with inherited traits well-suited to the environment leave more offspring than do other individuals
Descent with modification O...
Honors Biology Evolution Review
Questions and Answers
Adaption ✅Inherited characteristic that improves an organism's ability to survive and
reproduce in a particular environment
Natural Selection ✅Process by which individuals with inherited traits well-suited to the
environment leave more offspring than do other individuals
Descent with modification ✅Organisms descend from a common ancestor; accounts
for the diversity of life
Fossil record ✅Chronological collection of life's remains in sedimentary rock layers
Extinct ✅No longer existing as a living species on earth
Convergent evolution ✅Process in which unrelated species from similar environments
have adaptations that seem very similar
Homologous structure ✅Similar structure found in more than one species that share a
common ancestor
Analogous structures ✅Similarities from unlike species that result from convergent
evolution
Vestigial structure ✅Remnant of a structure that may have had an important function in
a species' ancestors, but has no clear function in the modern species
Ex: hitchhiker's thumb may have been important for survival long ago but now is not
needed for any important aspects of survival
Morphology ✅The study of the forms/appearance of things
Molecular Biology ✅Greater differences in DNA/aa sequences=greater differences
between species
Ex: Humans share 44% of genes with fruit flies
Population ✅Group of individuals of the same species living in a particular area at the
same time
Variation ✅Difference among members of a species
, Artificial selection ✅Selective breeding of domesticated plants and animals to produce
offspring with desired genetic traits
Gene pool ✅All of the alleles in all the individuals that make up a population
Microevolution ✅Evolution on the smallest scale-a generation-to-generation change in
the frequencies of alleles within a population
Genetic drift ✅Change in the gene pool of a population due to chance
Gene flow ✅Exchange of genes between populations
Mutation ✅Any change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA
Fitness ✅Contribution that an individual makes to the gene pool of the next generation
compared to the contributions of other individuals
Antibiotics ✅Medicine that kills or slows the growth of bacteria
Biological species concept ✅Definition of a species as a population or group of
populations whose members can breed with one another in nature and produce fertile
offspring
Macroevolution ✅Major biological changes evident in the fossil record
Speciation ✅Formation of new species
Reproductive isolation ✅Condition in which a reproductive barrier keeps two species
from interbreeding
Temporal isolation ✅Breeding at different times
Behavioral isolation ✅Behavior unique to species- blue-footed-booby
Habitat isolation ✅Same region, different habitat
Mechanical isolation ✅Anatomically incompatible
Gametic isolation ✅Gametes can not fuse
Geographic isolation ✅Separation of populations as a result of geographic change or
migration to geographically isolated places
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