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PMCOL 303 EXAM LATEST UPDATE
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PMCOL 303 EXAM LATEST UPDATE ...
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PMCOL 303 EXAM LATESTUPDATE
toxicology - Answer study of adverse effects of chemicals on living organisms
poison - Answer any agent capable of producing a deleterious response in a biological
system
toxin - Answer toxic substance produced by biological systems
toxicant - Answer poison of human origin or as a by-product of human activity
xenobiotic - Answer any compound not normally part of or synthesized by the organism
quantal - Answer all or none
not something that can be captured with dose response graphs
therapeutic index (TI) - Answer measure of "safety"
TD50/ED50
margin of safety (MOS) - Answer TD1/ED99
TD1 - Answer first signs of toxicity
ED99 - Answer dose that produces wanted effect in nearly everyone
acute - Answer exposure to a chemical for less than 24 hours (traditional LD50)
Subacute - Answer repeated exposure for 1 month or less
subchronic - Answer repeated exposure for 1-3 months
chronic - Answer repeated exposure for more than 3 months
maximum tolerable dose (MTD) - Answer dose that suppresses gain in body weight over
90 days
(dose in chronic testing)
toxification - Answer biotransformation into a harmful product
electrophiles - Answer usually positively charged, attracted to negative charges
ROS/ RNS - Answer reactive species with one or more unpaired electrons in its outer
orbital
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