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GMS6401 Exam Questions And Accurate Answers
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GMS6401 Exam Questions And Accurate Answers 2024-2025The kidney consists of specialized vascular and tubular structures (the nephron) which
collaborate in the production of urine.
•The glomerular capillary is surrounded by an epithelial structure which forms the
beginning of the tubule.
•The afferent arterioles of every nephron are in close contact with the inner medullary
collecting duct of the same nephron.
•The vasa recta capillaries surround the proximal convoluted tubules.
•The specialized macula densa at the junction between thick ascending limb of the loop
of Henle and the distal tubule is in direct contact with the renal artery. - Answer a) is
correct. The glomerulus is surrounded by the podocytes on the outside of thecapillaries
which transforms into the parietal epithelium which forms the Bowmanscapsule, leading
to the tubule.b) all afferent arterioles are in cortex.c). All vasa recta are in medulla.d).
Macula densa is in contact with its parent afferent arteriole.
A diagnostic renal clearance experiment is conducted and the following steady state (=
equilibrium) measurements are obtained on a 34 year old male subject, weighing 60 kg
(assume that the renal plasma flow (RPF) is the same as the effective renal plasma flow
(ERPF).
Urine inulin = 200 mg/100mlPlasma inulin = 4 mg/100ml.Urine flow (V) = 2ml/minUrine
PAH = 1200 mg/100mlPlasma PAH = 6 mg/100ml
•GFR = 100ml/min
•GFR = 200ml/min
•The effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) is 650 ml/min
•The ERPF is 800 ml/min
•The filtration fraction is 0.15 - Answer a) is correct.
200/4 x 2 ml/min =GFR= 100 ml/min.ERPF = 1200/6 x 2 ml/min = 400 ml/min.FF =
GFR/ERPF = 100/400 = 0.25.
, Any substance which is freely filtered at the glomerulus, is reabsorbed and is not
secreted, will have a renal clearance that is.
•Equal to the free water clearance during an antidiuresis.
•Equal to the clearance of inulin.
•Less than the clearance of inulin.
•Greater than clearance of para aminohippuric acid (PAH).
•The same as the creatinine clearance. - Answer c) is correct. A fractional clearance (ratio
of clearances of substance to inulin) < 1.0 indicates nettubular reabsorption of freely
filtered substances.
An increased protein excretion (proteinuria) can indicate glomerular damage. Which of
the following changes are likely to cause proteinuria?
•An increase in glomerular water permeability
•A fall in filtration surface area
•Increased negative charge at the glomerulus
•Loss of nephrin from the epithelial slit pore diaphragm
•Increased proximal reabsorption of filtered protein - Answer d) is correct. Nephrin is an
essential protein in the epithelial slot pore diaphragm and mutations areassociated with
heavy proteinuria.a) And b) influence water not protein handling at the glomerulus.b) And
e) . More glomerular negative charge and more proximal tubule proteinreabsorption
would reduce urinary protein excretion.
Maintenance of a high glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is required for optimal kidney
function. Which of the following options would be most likely to associate with a below
optimal GFR in man?
•High glomerular number at birth
•A slow rate of rise of plasma protein concentration as blood flows through the
glomerular capillary
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