Exam- BIOL 1108 Exam 2 Study Guide
Questions/Answers
How do the plants in the Sonoran Desert grow and survive the climate? CORRECT ANS-
Desert plants often have different adaptations to help them survive such as using C4 or CAM
photosynthesis rather than C3. Some desert plants have needle-like leaves, waxy cuticles,
large root systems, or succulence (water stored in leaves).
What is LUCA and when did it exist? CORRECT ANS-LUCA is the last universal common
ancestor. It existed about 3.5 billion years ago.
What is the difference between eukaryotes and prokaryotes? CORRECT ANS-Eukaryotes
have membrane-bound organelles.
When did cyanobacteria evolve? CORRECT ANS-3.5 billion years ago
What kind of metabolism do cyanobacteria have? CORRECT ANS-photosynthetic
How are cyanobacteria a part of the Carbon Cycle? CORRECT ANS-Chloroplasts are derived
from cyanobacteria.
, Exam- BIOL 1108 Exam 2 Study Guide
Questions/Answers
Who is Lynn Margulis, and what idea did she suggest? CORRECT ANS-She suggested the
Endosymbiosis Hypothesis, which claims that mitochondria and chloroplasts were once free-
living prokaryotic organisms that were engulfed but not digested by larger host cells.
What evidence is there for Lynn Margulis' theory? CORRECT ANS-Two organelles
(mitochondria and chloroplasts) have their own DNA.
What are the two membrane bound organelles in the Endosymbiosis Hypothesis, and which
one evolved first? CORRECT ANS-Mitochondria and chloroplasts; mitochondria evolved
first.
Where does plant biomass come from? CORRECT ANS-Most of a plant's biomass is
cellulose, a sugar, and it comes from the air.
What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis? CORRECT ANS-6CO2 + 6H2O ->
C6H12O6 + 6O2
Questions/Answers
How do the plants in the Sonoran Desert grow and survive the climate? CORRECT ANS-
Desert plants often have different adaptations to help them survive such as using C4 or CAM
photosynthesis rather than C3. Some desert plants have needle-like leaves, waxy cuticles,
large root systems, or succulence (water stored in leaves).
What is LUCA and when did it exist? CORRECT ANS-LUCA is the last universal common
ancestor. It existed about 3.5 billion years ago.
What is the difference between eukaryotes and prokaryotes? CORRECT ANS-Eukaryotes
have membrane-bound organelles.
When did cyanobacteria evolve? CORRECT ANS-3.5 billion years ago
What kind of metabolism do cyanobacteria have? CORRECT ANS-photosynthetic
How are cyanobacteria a part of the Carbon Cycle? CORRECT ANS-Chloroplasts are derived
from cyanobacteria.
, Exam- BIOL 1108 Exam 2 Study Guide
Questions/Answers
Who is Lynn Margulis, and what idea did she suggest? CORRECT ANS-She suggested the
Endosymbiosis Hypothesis, which claims that mitochondria and chloroplasts were once free-
living prokaryotic organisms that were engulfed but not digested by larger host cells.
What evidence is there for Lynn Margulis' theory? CORRECT ANS-Two organelles
(mitochondria and chloroplasts) have their own DNA.
What are the two membrane bound organelles in the Endosymbiosis Hypothesis, and which
one evolved first? CORRECT ANS-Mitochondria and chloroplasts; mitochondria evolved
first.
Where does plant biomass come from? CORRECT ANS-Most of a plant's biomass is
cellulose, a sugar, and it comes from the air.
What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis? CORRECT ANS-6CO2 + 6H2O ->
C6H12O6 + 6O2
