Exam (elaborations)
NUR 254 Exam 4
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Exam of 17 pages for the course NUR 254 at NUR 254 (NUR 254 Exam 4)
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NUR 254 Exam 2 | Child Bearing and Child CaringFamilies|
how do we treat pruritis - ANSWER - antihistamines like diphenhydramine aka
benadryl
- topical steroids
- cool compress
- avoid hot water/hot weather/sweating bc that makes this worse
uticaria - ANSWER hives; usually a allergic reaction so remove stimulus
benadryl may be used
eczema (contact dermatitis) treatment - ANSWER - bathe daily
- pat skin dry dont rub
- eucerin or lubriderm to stay moisturized
- no perfume or lotions
- cool wet compress
- no wool or tight clothes (cotton is better)
- gloves on infants so they dont scratch themselves
- antihistamines
- avoid sweating or overheating
- avoid allergens and triggers
- avoid sunburns
how does psoriasis look - ANSWER white scaly plaques on scalp, knees, elbows or
red raised patches or silvery
psoraisis treatment - ANSWER - sun exposure or UV light therapy
- topical steroids
- antihistamines
- dovenex
- tazarotens
what medications worsen psoriasis - ANSWER lithium, beta blockers
what medications help psoriasis - ANSWER - dovenex
- tazarotens help slough off top layer of skin
actinic keratosis - ANSWER premalignant/precancerous growths related to sun
exposure
- red shiny rough macule
basal cell carcinoma - ANSWER Most common and least severe type of skin
cancer; often characterized by light or pearly nodules.
,squamous cell carcinoma - ANSWER malignant tumor of the cells in the epidermis;
can be more aggressive and metastasize so youll monitor patients for it coming back
for the rest of their lives
rough bleeding lesion
melanoma - ANSWER The most serious form of skin cancer bc it progresses fast
and metastisizes a lot
will need radiation and removal
ABCDE of cancer - ANSWER asymmetry, border, color, diameter, evolving
impetigo - ANSWER superficial skin infection that leads to crusted lesions, usually in
kids face/arms/leg/buttocks
will NOT have fever unless the infection becomes more systemic
treatment of impetigo - ANSWER - topical antibiotics bc its usually localized and on
the skin level (can return to school 24hrs after started on abx)
- systemic antibiotics if its really bad
cellulitis - ANSWER bacterial infection of skin and subcutaneous tissue with lesions,
happens bc of a break in skin integrity.
cellulitis symptoms - ANSWER red, tight skin, pain in inflamed area, fever,
lymphadenopathy
treatment of cellulitis - ANSWER - rest and elevate body part
- moist heat for comfort
- IV vancomycin!!!!!
- fever control with tylenol
things to consider with IV vancomycin - ANSWER - red man syndrome (red streak
up arm, stop vanc, flush line, call doc)
- hearing loss, ringing in ear
- nephrotoxic
herpes type 1 vs type 2 - ANSWER type 1 oral mucosa
type 2 genital mucosa
spread by direct contact of body fluids
medications for herpes - ANSWER - tylenol for pain
- acylovir
- valacyclovir
herpes zoster - ANSWER shingles, happens bc varicella virus reactivates in your
body
herpes zoster symptoms - ANSWER - severe pain along nerve pathways
, - vesicular rash on skin that is unilateral
- fatigue, fever, headache
- full recovery can take months
treatment for herpes zoster - ANSWER oatmeal baths, rest, isolate (airborn and
contact) from those at risk for catching disease
- meds/antivirals if caught in first 48 hours
- oral steroids sometimes
- shingles vaccine age 50+
pediculosis capitis - ANSWER head lice; will itch a lot
pediculosis capitis treatment - ANSWER - lice must be mechanically removed
- piperonyl butoxide or permutnin shampoo
- machine wash everything in hot water
- unwashable stuff goes in plastic bags for 7 days
- steam clean furniture
- vacuum carpet
scabies - ANSWER contagious skin disease transmitted by the itch mite; mite
burrows into skin
scabies symptoms - ANSWER - pruritic rash with worse itching at night
- flesh brown/black raised burrows that can be straight or wavy
scabies treatment - ANSWER - all bed/linin/clothing needs to be washed
- other stuff in air tight bags for 7 days
- permethrin cream used anywhere but face (put on 12-24 hours, wash off, repeat in
a week)
CONTACT PRECAUTIONS
stage 1 ulcer - ANSWER intact skin
non-blanchable with localized redness and warmth
this is reversible we just need to relieve pressure, avoid friction, and keep them dry
stage 2 ulcer - ANSWER - partial thickness
- dermis layer is breaking down
- blistering, swelling, drainage, edema
- no eschar or slough yet
stage 3 ulcer - ANSWER - full thickness tissue loss with visible fat
- slough
- if there is eschar its unstagable until you remove that
- drainage
stage 4 ulcer - ANSWER - full thickness deep
- goes into muscle or bone (can lead to osteomylitis or sepsis)
- undermining and tunneling
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