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Sociology 101 Straighterline final exam
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Sociology 101 Straighterline final exam
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Sociology 101 Straighterline__________ involves aspects of social life that have to do with order, stability, and
social organization that allow societies and groups to hold together and endure. -
ANSWER Social statics
Herbert Spencer viewed society as a system, having important similarities with -
ANSWER a biological organism
__________ refers to processes of social life that pattern institutional development
and have to do with social change. - ANSWER a. Social dynamics
Studies of people's values, beliefs, attitudes, and perceptions most frequently use -
ANSWER a. the survey method
In a research investigation that focused on nannies, sociologist Julia Wrigley
combined _____________ research methods. - ANSWER intensive interviewing and
participant observation
A researcher must take abstract concepts and translate them into a form that allows
them to be measured. This is the development of a(n) - ANSWER a. operational
definition
____________ uses existing records produced by people or organizations other than
the researcher. - ANSWER Archival research
In viewing theory and research, - ANSWER both theory and research are necessary
for the scientific enterprise
Examining how the aging of the American population affects jobs and promotions for
younger people in an historical context would be an example of using - ANSWER a.
social psychology.
b. microsociology.
c. macrosociology. Correct
d. clinical psychological analysis
Feminist research methods include a commitment to
a. include women's lives in social research.
b. reduce inequality.
c. minimize research exploitation.
d. All of the choices are correct - ANSWER All choices are Correct
__________ research design provides the best opportunity for researchers to obtain
data to accept or reject a hypothesis. - ANSWER The experiment
The scientific study of social interactions and of social organization is called -
ANSWER sociology
,Which of the following was NOT one of Ann Meier's operational hypotheses? -
ANSWER Higher levels of religiosity will increase the probability of having sex.
Experiments, surveys, observation, and archival research represent - ANSWER
research designs
Correlation - ANSWER is not necessarily the same as causation.
The existence of cultural universals is due to - ANSWER people facing the same
broad problems of survival. Correct
________ is(are) NOT one of the major value configurations within the dominant
American culture - ANSWER a. The assignment of high importance to leisure and
relaxation
Some analysts blame our surprise at the 9/11 attacks partly on - ANSWER
ethnocentrism.
Race, class, and gender are prime examples of - ANSWER master status
The idea that language shapes our perceptions of reality is called the - ANSWER
linguistic relativity hypothesis
The learned patterns of thinking, feeling, and acting, which are transmitted from one
generation to the next, are referred to as - ANSWER culture
Social rules that specify appropriate and inappropriate behavior in given situations
are called - ANSWER norms
From the sociological perspective, wearing soiled clothing might be viewed as
violating a - ANSWER folkway.
When a trait or feature from one culture is rejected as being strange or immoral by
another culture, it is an example of - ANSWER ethnocentrism
The actual behavior of the person who occupies a status is termed - ANSWER role
performance
A society's shared ideas regarding what is desirable, correct, and good are called -
ANSWER values
Norms - ANSWER subjective in nature and vary in type from folkways to mores to
laws are correct
Those expectations that define appropriate or inappropriate behavior for the
occupant of a status are - ANSWER roles.
,A Peace Corps volunteer living in Blantyre, Malawi reported that the post office there
had two letter slots, one labeled "Blantyre" and the other labeled - ANSWER
"Elsewhere."
The old order Amish and the youth culture both represent examples of the
___________ within American society. - ANSWER a. subcultures
Communication - ANSWER allows us to establish a "commonness" with one another
that makes socialization possible
A group of people gathered together to construct a house is an example of an -
ANSWER a. instrumental tie
Children display "people-oriented responses" - ANSWER early - even before their
first birthday. Correct
Authoritarian leaders tend to - ANSWER produce high levels of frustration and
hostile feelings.
In Piaget's theory, the sensorimotor stage of development - ANSWER a. involves
children's gradual realization that they exist independently of the people and things
around them.
One of the major functions of in-groups and out-groups is to - ANSWER emphasize
the significance and importance of social boundaries. Correct
The process that led to the NASA Challenger tragedy in 1986 involved people who
a. ignored warnings against the launch.
b. experienced considerable pressure to launch from outsiders.
c. functioned according to the principles of groupthink.
d. All of the choices are correct. - ANSWER All of the choices are correct
Martha believes that if she doesn't wear her lucky hat, she'll flunk her algebra test.
She forgets her hat, and becomes so anxious about forgetting it that she flunks the
exam. This is an example of - ANSWER the Thomas Theorem and a definition of the
situation are correct. Correct
Robert Axelrod found that the simplest and most effective strategy for playing the
prisoner's dilemma game is one he called - ANSWER tit for tat
The average American child spends between __________ hours with a television
every day. - ANSWER three and six
__________ refers to procedures - rules and activities - that people employ in
making social life and society intelligible. - ANSWER Ethnomethodology
When a shared elusion of invulnerability leads to undue overconfidence and
willingness to take risks, we are often experiencing - ANSWER groupthink.
, The only area where nonverbal communication possibly may be universal in
meaning is - ANSWER facial expression
Beyond the small work groups approach is the "__________-collar" approach, in
which informally dressed employees manage themselves, use the office as a
"funhouse" and are expected to work 70-hour weeks. - ANSWER a. green
b. red
c. no Correct
d. black
In Piaget's theory, the concrete operational stage
a. involves children's gradual realization that they exist independently of the people
and things around them.
b. includes the development of language.
c. is where children begin to think more abstractly by being able to separate symbols
from the things they represent
d. focuses on the development of logic. - ANSWER a. involves children's gradual
realization that they exist independently of the people and things around them.
b. includes the development of language.
c. is where children begin to think more abstractly by being able to separate symbols
from the things they represent. Correct
d. focuses on the development of logic.
Edwin Sutherland's theory of differential association illustrates the ________
sociological perspective on deviance. - ANSWER a. structural strain
b. cultural transmission Correct
c. conflict
d. labeling
From Merton's perspective, those who reject both culturally approved goals and
means and substitute new norms are - ANSWER a. innovators.
b. ritualists.
c. rebels. Correct
d. retreatists.
When individuals incorporate within their personalities the standards of behavior
prevalent within the larger society, the process is called - ANSWER a. internalization.
Correct
b. socialization.
c. conformity.
d. normative intervention.
Internalization occurs when - ANSWER a. norms are "intuited" from the behavior of
others.
b. the individual questions the legitimacy of the norms.
c. normative expectations are sharpened.
d. we understand and believe in the norms. correct
William Chambliss' study of two teenage gangs - the Saints and the Roughnecks -
illustrates - ANSWER a. the labeling perspective. Correct
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