Lifestyle Medicine Exam Questions Rated
100% And Answers!!!
INTERHEART Study - ANS Acute MI risk factors. 80% of population attributable risk:
Smoking, lipids, HTN, DM, Obesity. Psychological risk factors comparable to effect of high blood
pressure and abdominal obesity.
INTERSTROKE Study - ANS Stroke risk factors (90% of risk): HTN, current smoking,
abdominal obesity, unhealthy dietary pattern, physical inactivity, diabetes, alcohol intake,
psychological stress, depression, cardiac causes, and abnormal lipids.
Chicago Heart Association Detection Project in Industry - ANS Risk of heart disease is
determined by number of cardiac risk factors a person has. There is an association between
people who were lower risk in middle age with better quality of life at older ages, and with lower
Medicare costs.
Chicago Heart Association Detection Project in Industry Risk Reduction Heart Disease - ANS
Modification-->% Reduction of Risk of Heart Disease
50% decrease in total cholesterol-->50%
6 mmHg decrease in a diastolic pressure-->16% (42% reduction in stroke risk)
Smoking cessation-->50% reduction in risk of sudden heart attack
Maintain ideal body weight and waist size-->35-55%
>150 minutes per week of moderate exercise-->35-55%
>5 servings of fruits and vegetables per day-->20-25%
Framingham Heart Study - ANS Lifetime risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in
people who were free of cardiovascular disease at age 50 and found that:
-Men with optimal risk status had 5% lifetime risk of CAD versus >2 risk factors 69% lifetime risk
-Women with optimal risk status had 8% lifetime risk of CAD versus >2 risk factors 50% lifetime
risk
Men and women with optimal risk status had median life expectancy of 10 years longer.
Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT) Study - ANS People with low risk factor
status had:
-73-85% lower risk for cardiovascular disease mortality
-40-60% lower total mortality rate
-6-10 years greater life expectancy
Nurses Health Study - ANS Relative risk for CAD over 14 years in 84,129 women.
,Five health factors associated with lower CAD risk: Absence of smoking, BMI <25, moderate to
vigorous exercise >30 minutes/day, moderate EtOH consumption (0.2-1oz per day), healthy diet
source (cereal fiber, marine omega-3 fatty acids, and folate)
With all five factors: 82% lower risk of CAD
Nurses Health Study (I and II), Health Professionals Follow-Up Study - ANS Healthful
versus unhealthful plant-based dietary patterns and risk of CAD.
Higher adherence to healthy plant-based dietary pattern (less processed, more whole foods)
had independent inverse association with CAD.
Unhealthy diet positively associated with CAD
Adventist Health Study - ANS Reduced risk for all-cause mortality in people consuming a
vegetarian versus non-vegetarian diet.
Linear relationship between vegan dietary pattern versus a non-vegetarian dietary pattern.
Vegan associated with lower BMI and lower odds of having DM, HTN, Metabolic Syndrome.
Lyon Diet Heart Study - ANS Secondary prevention of CAD with Mediterranean diet versus
AHA Step 1 Diet. Mediterranean-protective effects maintained for 4 years following a subjects
heart attack.
Polyphenols - ANS Found in whole food plant-based diet. Positive impact on endothelial
layer of vasculature through negation of low-density lipoprotein oxidation and inflammation
PREDIMED - ANS Incidence of CV events was 30% and 28% lower, respectively, among
those assigned to Mediterranean dietary pattern with extra-virgin olive oil or nuts than those
assigned to the reduced fat dietary pattern.
When to start pharmacotherapy in obese pediatric patients - ANS Only after failure of
formal program of intensive lifestyle modification and if severe comorbidities persist (strong
family history of DM or premature CV disease).
Pediatric Obesity Lifestyle Recommendations - ANS Avoidance of calorie-dense nutrient
poor food, sweetened beverages, sports drinks, fruit drinks, juices, fast foods.
Reduction in saturated dietary fat intake for children >2 years old; increased intake of dietary
fiber, fruits and vegetables.
American Institute for Cancer Research lifestyle based cancer prevention - ANS Healthy
weight, be physically active, diet rich in whole grains, vegetables, fruit and beans; limit fast
foods, limit red and processed meat, limit sugar sweetened beverages, limit EtOH consumption,
do not use supplements for cancer prevention, for mothers-breastfeed.
Which is true?
,A. Lifestyle medicine is the use of lifestyle changes to prevent and avoid chronic diseases like
heart disease and cx
B. Lifestyle medicine is the use of evidence-based lifestyle therapeutic approaches including a
plant-predominant diet, regular physical activity, adequate sleep, stress management,
avoidance of risky substances, and other non-drug modalities to treat, reverse, and prevent
lifestyle-related chronic disease
C. Lifestyle medicine is the use of cutting-edge and sometimes diagnostic procedures and tests
to adjust and titrate metabolic electrolytes and hormones to treat chronic disease
D. Lifestyle medicine is the promotion of vegetarianism and veganism as the cure for disease -
ANS B.
Which of the following statements is correct description of core competencies published in
JAMA 2010?
A. Competencies include 15 requirements for certification in lifestyle medicine.
B. Competencies consist of five broad categories that include Leadership, Knowledge,
Assessment skills, Management skills and use of office and community support systems
C. Main competency is knowing how to prescribe lifestyle changes to treat disease
D. The competencies supersede nationally recognized practice guidelines for prevention - ANS
B.
Which of the following statements is true about lifestyle and life expectancy in the US?
A. Lifestyle habits have improved with increased knowledge about the connections between
lifestyle choices and chronic disease.
B. Lifestyle-related diseases have been decreasing in recent decades and life expectancy is
now at its highest point ever
C. Lifestyle habits have improved over the last 20 years and life expectancy for the present
generation of children is the first to be higher than their patients.
D. Life expectancy is declining but still exceeds health expectancy - ANS D.
Which of the following statements is a correct description of present-day allopathic
(conventional) health care?
A. Patients are in charge of their health and use providers as expert consultants and advisors in
making their lifestyle choices and treatment decisions
B. Provider is in charge of patients' health and directs patients in making healthy lifestyle
choices and deciding what treatments to utilize
C. Patients largely see provider as responsible for their health and generally depends upon the
health system to keep them healthy and treat their diseases
D. Providers are burned out and see patients as unwilling to take any responsibility for their own
health - ANS C.
, Which of the following statements is true about the studies or and evidence for lifestyle medicine
treatment?
A. There are few reliable, rigorous studies on the use of lifestyle change to treat or prevent
disease
B. Rigorous studies of lifestyle interventions have been conducted and published for more than
half a century, including scores of randomized control trials showing that sufficiently intensive
lifestyle changes can treat, prevent and often reverse disease
C. Portfolio Diet Study compared low-carb portfolio diet to the typical beginning dose of
lovastatin for HLD and showed they were equivalent
D. Lifestyle Heart Trial by Ornish was a case-control study that showed reduction in CAD
stenosis at both 1 year and 5 years - ANS B.
Which of the following best describes lifestyle medicine?
A. Assists patients in enhancing their dietary patterns with whole foods, incorporating physical
activity and emotional well-being practices and avoiding risky substances; medications are used
as an adjunct
B. Investigates the interactions between the body and mind, utilizing relaxation, hypnosis, visual
imagery, medication, yoga, biofeedback, spirituality, and tai chi
C. Utilizes holistic approaches to balance core functional processes, control oxidative stresses
at a cellular level and promote detoxification
D. Emphasizes population-based interventions which include immunizations, screening, and
protection from bioterrorism - ANS A.
Which statement best describes the core competencies for prescribing lifestyle medicine, as
identified by the 2010 national consensus panel?
A. Use of an interdisciplinary team, such as a coach, dietician, and physician, is
counterproductive in creating the office and community support needed for sustained behavioral
change
B. Core competencies were created to help medical specialists prescribe interventions that
promote healthy lifestyle practices
C. Leadership is one of the key areas of the competencies and focuses on leading teams to
better diagnose chronic conditions and implement standards-based treatments
D. Quality improvement projects, such as measuring interventions, tracking outcomes, and
implementing process improvements, are part of the practice of lifestyle medicine physicians -
ANS D.
Lifestyle medicine and conventional medicine differ in their approach to patient care. Which
statement correctly compares the two?
A. In conventional medicine, the patient is an active partner in care. Whereas in lifestyle
medicine, the patient is a passive recipient
