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DB Final - Kidney & Gonads With Complete Solutions And Correct Answers Latest Version
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DB Final - Kidney & Gonads With Complete Solutions And Correct Answers Latest Version
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DB Final - Kidney & Gonads With CompleteSolutions And Correct Answers Latest
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1. The kidneys and gonads arise from which part of the mesoderm? Which tissue specifies the
intermediate mesoderm? Name some marker genes expressed in the intermediate mesoderm Answer:
intermediate mesoderm
specified by somites
Pax2 and Lim1
2. Describe the general morphogenesis of the intermediate mesoderm, i.e., duct versus tubule
formation. What are the three types of kidneys? Briefly describe how they develop over time. What is
the function of each one, and how does that vary for anamniotes and amniotes? Answer:
Intermediate Mesoderm --> nephric duct and mesenchyme
mesenchyme --> pronephros and mesanephros tubules
but the metanephros don't segment
3 types of kidneys: pronephros, mesonephros, metanephros
pro: initial embryonic kidney in anam. but in amn. it is just an inductor for the rest of the system
meso: in anam. it is the adult kidney, in amn. it degenerates/contributes to gonads
meta: adult kidney in amniotes
2024
, 3. Briefly describe how the intermediate mesoderm is repositioned during morphogenesis, as the
somites mature. Where is the urogenital ridge located in the embryo, and what and where is the
embryonic coelom in comparison? (See also the first few slides in lecture 18, if needed.) Answer:
separates into two layers, the bottom layer comes together ventrally so that the intermediate meso is
positioned against the coelom.
they are right above (anterior) the coelom
4. What is a nephron? What is a glomerulus? What is a podocyte? Explain how the capillaries and
podocytes collaborate to filter the blood, including the role of differential pressure, fenestrations, and
filtration slits. Briefly (briefly!!) describe the role of the remainder of the nephron and the associated
blood supply (outside the glomerulus, per slide 12). Answer: it is the main functional unit of the
kidney
glomerulus: where we get blood entering for initial filtration into Bowman's capsule
Podocyte: cells of the glomerulus that filter blood through their pedicells
the capillaries that enter are fenestrated and the glomerulus has fenestrations as well to allow for
solutes to move freely into the capsule. there is also positive pressure driving
5. Compare how the three types of kidneys are organized. What do they share, morphologically and in
terms of gene expression? What are the differences between internal and external nephrons? How
many nephrons does each type of kidney make? Answer: pronephros: single nephron per side
mesonephros: 10 to 50 per side
metanephros: million nephrons per side, this scale is not achieved by segmentation but instead by
branching of the duct into the mesenchyme which then condenses onto the branch
2024
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